Intangiriro

Kuva yatera imbere hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, uburyo bwo kubara scintillation y'amazi bwabaye inkingi y'ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye na fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima n'ibidukikije. Ihame nyamukuru riri mu kuba uduce tw'ingufu dusohoka mu gihe cyo kubora kwa radionuclides dukorana n'amazi ya scintillation, bigatuma ingufu ziba fotoni zigaragara. Izi fotoni zihindurwamo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ibyuma bipima ikirere (urugero: imiyoboro ya fotomultiplier, PMTs), amaherezo bigasesengurwa kugira ngo harebwe ingano y'ibikoresho bya radiation.

Nubwo ubuhanga bwo kubara ubushyuhe bw'amazi akenshi bwibanda ku cyuma gipima cyangwa ku gikoresho gipima ubushyuhe ubwacyo, uducupa dupima ubushyuhe, nk'ibikoresho bifunga neza icyitegererezo n'igipimo gipima ubushyuhe, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyihishe kigaragaza intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa kw'igerageza.

Imiterere y'uducupa twa scintillation muri ubu bushakashatsi iracyafite imbogamizi. Intego y'iyi nyandiko ni ugusesengura neza ingaruka z'imikorere n'imiterere y'uducupa twa scintillation ku mikorere yatwo, no guha abashakashatsi ishingiro ry'inyigisho n'ubuyobozi bufatika mu guhitamo no gukoresha uducupa twa scintillation binyuze mu gusesengura imikorere, kunoza imiterere, guhitamo ibikoresho, no kunoza imikorere.Muri icyo gihe, itegereje iterambere ryayo ry’ejo hazaza, itanga inkunga yo kunoza no kwagura ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya LSC.

Incamake y'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi ashyushye

1. Ihame ry'ibanze: Uruhererekane rw'ubuziranenge mu guhindura ingufu

Ishingiro ry'ibarura ry'amazi ashyushye riri mu gikorwa cyose cyo guhindura ingufu za radiyo zibora mu bimenyetso by'urumuri binyuze mu gikoresho cya scintillation, kandi inzira yacyo ya tekiniki ishobora kugabanywamo gukurura imirasire, gukora fotoni, gufata ibimenyetso by'urumuri, no gusesengura amakuru.

2. Isesengura ry'Ibice by'Ikoranabuhanga by'ingenzi

• Kugenzura neza uburyo umuti ushyushya amazi uhagaze: kwirinda hydrolysis (urugero: umuti wa ethylene glycol-based scintillation ugomba kongeramo antioxidant BHT) cyangwa fotolysis (umuti wa toluene-based solution ugomba kubikwa kure y'urumuri); igice cy'umuti wa scintillation (urugero: sisitemu ya ethylene glycol irimo PPO) biroroshye kwinjiza kristu ku bushyuhe buri hasi (<4℃), ibyo bikazatuma umusaruro w'urumuri ugabanuka mu buryo butunguranye.

• Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibikoresho: Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gutahura nka fotodiode za silikoni zifite igisubizo cyagutse cya spectral n'urusaku ruto birakwiriye mu kubona ibimenyetso by'urumuri bidakomeye; uburyo bwo gupima ibimenyetso bukoresha imiyoboro myinshi bushobora guhuzwa no gutunganya ibimenyetso mu buryo bujyanye n'igihe kugira ngo hongerwe umuvuduko wo gusesengura ingero z'ibipimo bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "high-throughput".

• Ingero zo gufunga no gutunganya imashini: Gushyiramo icyitegererezo no gutunganya: Uburyo bwo gutwikira neza amacupa ya scintillation bisaba ko helium mass spectrometry ifata umuvuduko wo kuvamo amazi uri munsi ya 1 × 10-⁹ Pa-m³/s, bikabuza ogisijeni kwinjiramo kugira ngo bitere kwangirika kwa scintillation. Imisokoro ya ion ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusukura kugira ngo ikuremo ions z'icyuma kandi igabanye umuvuduko wo kubara inyuma. Zinc nitrate / potasium ferrocyanide ikoreshwa mu gutera radionuclides kugeza ku rwego rwo gushonga, ikagabanya ingano y'umuti kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwo gufunga.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara scintillation y'amazi rituma habaho uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya radionuclides zikoresha ingufu nke binyuze mu guhindura ingufu z'uduce twa radiyo mu kimenyetso cy'urumuri. Imikorere yabyo ishingira ku kunoza ibintu by'ingenzi bya tekiniki nko kudahindagurika kw'amazi ya scintillation, ubushobozi bw'icyuma gipima no gupima no gutunganya icyitegererezo. Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'icyitegererezo cyo gupima, scintillation fluid igira uruhare rudasimburwa muri izi sano, kandi imiterere yayo n'uburyo itoranywamo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere rusange y'ikoranabuhanga rya LSC.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi n'imiterere y'amacupa ya Scintillation

1. Imirimo yo gukoresha kontineri

• Gufunga: Uducupa twa scintillation tugomba kuba dufite uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga kugira ngo wirinde ko imyuka ihumanya iva mu mubiri, ariko kandi tukirinda ko imyanda yo hanze yinjira mu gacupa.

• Guhuza: Uducupa twa scintillation tugomba kuba duhuye n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'amazi ya scintillation kugira ngo tudakora cyangwa ngo duhinduke mu buryo bw'imiti iyo tugize ikibazo igihe kirekire.

2. Guhitamo ibikoresho

• Ikirahure: ikwirakwizwa ryinshi kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza fotoni; ihamye cyane mu buvuzi, irwanya ingese, ikwiriye ubwoko bwinshi bw'amazi ashyushye; umubare muto w'inyuma, ikwiriye mu gupima ubukana bwinshi. Ariko, ikirahure kirakomeye kandi kiraremereye.

• Plasitike: yoroheje kandi irwanya ingaruka, yoroshye kuyikoresha no kuyitwara. Ariko, zimwe muri plastiki zirimo radionuclides karemano kandi ntizihindagurika cyane mu buryo bwa shimi kandi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mazi amwe n'amwe akoreshwa mu gukaraba.

• Kurangiza ubusoIbikoresho nka silica bitwikirwa ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'icupa kugira ngo byongere urumuri n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza no kongera umusaruro wa fotoni.

3. Kunoza Imiterere n'Imiterere

• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ifungura ry'icupa: Gufungura gato bigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, bigabanya uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira mu kirere kandi bikongera uburyo ibimenyetso bihora bihindagurika.

• Kwirinda urumuri: icupa ry'umukara cyangwa irangi rishobora kubuza urumuri rwo hanze kubangamira urumuri, kugabanya urusaku rw'inyuma no kunoza ikigereranyo cy'urusaku hagati y'ibimenyetso n'urusaku.

• Izindi bishushanyo mbonera byanogejwe: uducupa twa scintillation dufite hasi hanini cyangwa imiterere yihariye y'inkuta zigabanya ibisigazwa by'icyitegererezo kandi bikanongera igipimo cyo kugarura; uducupa twa scintillation turakwiriye gupimwa uduce twa scintillation, bishobora kugabanya ingano y'umuti wa scintillation kandi bigagabanya ikiguzi.

Imiterere n'uburyo ibikoresho bya scintillation cartridge bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yabyo. Uburyo bwo kumenya no kubara scintillation cartridge neza bishobora kunozwa cyane binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bwo gufunga, guhuza, guhitamo ibikoresho, n'imiterere n'uburyo byubakwa. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishya n'ikoranabuhanga, imikorere ya scintillation cartridges izarushaho kunozwa kugira ngo itange inkunga ikomeye mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya LSC.

Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'uducupa twa Scintillation

1. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya aho ibintu biherereye

• Urusaku ruri hasi: Kugabanya imyanda iterwa n’imirasire binyuze mu guhitamo no gufunga ibikoresho, gukoresha ikirahure cya borosilicate cya potasiyumu nke cyangwa plastiki ifite isuku nyinshi kugira ngo bigabanye ingano ya radionuclides karemano. Uburyo bwo gufunga imvange cyangwa kuzuza imyuka idafite imyuka bukoreshwa kugira ngo kugabanya ingaruka za ogisijeni n’ubushuhe ku mazi ashyushye.

• Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gukoresha neza: uburyo bwo kohereza amacupa ku rukuta butuma urumuri rw'ubushyuhe rufatwa neza n'icyuma gipima urumuri.

2. Kwemeza ko igerageza rizaba ryizewe

• Ihame ry'uburinganire: gufunga igihe kirekire kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika, bibereye igeragezwa ry'igihe kirekire. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'igipfundikizo cy'umupfundikizo cyiza gituma ingero zidasohoka cyangwa ngo zanduze mu gihe cy'igihe kirekire kibikwa cyangwa kijyanwa.

• Kugenzura uko ibintu bisubiramo: Ibipimo by’ibikoresho bisanzwe bigabanya amakosa yo kugerageza hagati y’amatsinda, kandi ikoreshwa ry’uducupa twa scintillation dufite ingano, imiterere n’ibikoresho bimwe bituma habaho imiterere ihoraho yo kugerageza.

3. Uburyo bwo gukoresha porogaramu bwagutse

• Gutahura ingano nto: Uducupa twa micro scintillation dushyigikira isesengura ry’ingero rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse kandi turakwiriye mu gupima ingero zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, bikagabanya ikoreshwa rya reagents n’ikiguzi cyo kugerageza.

• Ubushobozi bukabije bwo guhuza ibintu: Ikoresha ikirahure kidashyuha cyane cyangwa ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byihariye, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwihariye ku bidukikije, ikoreshwa mu kubika ibirahure mu buryo bwa autoclave cyangwa mu kubika mu bushyuhe buke.

Uducupa twa scintillation twongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibipimo binyuze mu rusaku ruke rw'inyuma no kohereza ingufu neza mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara scintillation, kandi binashimangira ko igerageza rizaba ryizewe binyuze mu guhagarara neza kw'ingero no kugenzura uburyo bwo kongera kubyara. Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo mbonera gito kandi gihuye n'imimerere ikomeye kirushaho kwagura uburyo gikoreshwa, gitanga inkunga ikomeye mu bushakashatsi mu bijyanye na fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima n'igenzura ry'ibidukikije. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, imikorere y'uducupa twa scintillation izarushaho kunozwa, bishyireho urufatiro rukomeye rw'udushya no kwagura ikoreshwa ry'ibarura rya LSC.

Ingero z'Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa mu Buryo Bufatika

1. Urwego rw'ubuvuzi

• Gupima icyuma gipima ubushyuhe mu gipimo cy'ubushyuhe: Isuzuma rya Radioimmunoassay (RIA) ni uburyo bwo gupima biyomolekyula bukoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura imisemburo, imiti n'ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Uducupa twa scintillation dukoreshwa mu kubika complexes za antigen-antibody zifite label ya radio hamwe n'ibisubizo bya scintillation, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo kubona radiotracers binyuze mu buryo bworoshye bwo kohereza amakuru menshi no mu buryo bworoshye inyuma.

2. Gukurikirana umutekano w'ingufu za kirimbuzi

• Gutahura ibimenyetso bya radioisotopes mu myanda ya kirimbuzi: Imyanda ya kirimbuzi irimo ubwoko bwinshi bwa radioisotopes zigomba gukurikiranwa neza kugira ngo habeho umutekano ku bidukikije. Uducupa twa scintillation dukoreshwa mu gupfunyika imyanda ya kirimbuzi n'amazi ya scintillation kugira ngo hamenyekane radiographic, birinda ko ibintu bya radiation biva mu bikoresho birwanya ingese n'udupfundikizo tw'amazi.

3. Ubumenyi bw'ibidukikije

• Gukurikirana radionuclides mu miyoboro y'umwuka yo mu kirere: Imirasire ya radiyo mu mirasire y’ikirere ni ibipimo by'ingenzi mu kwiga imikorere y’ikirere n’ihumana ry’ibidukikije. Uducupa twa scintillation dukoreshwa mu gukusanya no gutahura imirasire ya radiyo mu mirasire y’ikirere, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya ingero zidakora neza binyuze mu gushushanya uburyo bwo kwirinda urumuri no kohereza ingufu neza.

4. Ahandi hantu hakoreshwa

• Umutekano w'ibiribwa: Uducupa twa scintillation dushobora gukoreshwa mu gutahura ubwandu bwa radiation mu biribwa.

• Gushaka igihe mu rwego rw'ubutaka: gupima intera hakoreshejwe gupima isotope zikoresha imirasire mu mabuye n'amabuye y'agaciro.

• Ivumburwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge: uducupa twa scintillation dukoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ku miti ifite labels za radio.

Uducupa twa scintillation twagaragaje uruhare rudasimburwa mu bikorwa bifatika nko mu buvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima, kugenzura umutekano wa kirimbuzi n’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije. Binyuze mu bushishozi bwinshi, ubusugire buhanitse n’imiterere itandukanye, utwo ducupa twa scintillation dutanga ubufasha bwizewe bwo gupima imirasire kandi tugateza imbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zijyanye nabyo. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe mu gukoresha, utwo ducupa twa scintillation tuzakomeza kugira agaciro katwo mu nzego nyinshi.

Imbogamizi n'amabwiriza yo kunoza ibikorwa

1. Inzitizi zihari

• Ikirahure cyoroshye gitera ibyago mu mikorereNubwo amacupa yo mu kirahure atuma ibintu bihinduka urumuri kandi akagira ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka, ubusembwa bwayo bushobora gutuma ingero zisohoka cyangwa ihagarara mu gihe cyo kuyatwara no kuyakoresha. Ibi bishobora gutuma ibiciro by’igerageza byiyongera, cyane cyane mu igerageza rikoresha imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa iryakozwe mu buryo bwikora.

• Plastiki ishobora kugira ibibazo byo gusaza: Amacupa ya pulasitiki akoreshwa mu gukaraba cyangwa kuyakoresha igihe kirekire mu bihe bikomeye (nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi, aside ikomeye na alkali) ashobora gusaza, bigatuma imiterere y'ibintu cyangwa imikorere y'imiti igabanuka, ibyo bikagabanya kwizera no kongera kugaragara kw'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi.

• Ikibazo cy'urusaku rw'inyuma: Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitiki bishobora kuba birimo imyanda ikomoka ku mirasire karemano, byongera umubare w’inyuma y’aho ibintu biherereye kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryo ingero z’ibikorwa bike zibasha kumenyekana.

• Ibibazo by'ikiguzi n'ibidukikije: Ibikoresho by'ikirahure cyiza cyangwa ibya pulasitiki byihariye birahenze, kandi uducupa twa shintillation dukoreshwa rimwe gusa dushobora kuba umutwaro ku bidukikije.

2. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga

• Iterambere ry'ibikoresho bishya bivanze: Dukoresheje uburyo ibinyabutabire bihamye cyane bya ceramic n'uburyo pulasitiki idakora neza, dukora ibikoresho bishya bikozwe muri ceramic birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingese, n'urusaku ruto inyuma, bigatuma biba byiza mu bihe bikomeye no mu gupima ubukana bwinshi. Guteza imbere ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bishobora kwangirika bigabanya umutwaro ku bidukikije kandi bikaba bikwiye gukoreshwa mu igerageza ritajya rikoreshwa, hakurikijwe igitekerezo cy'iterambere rirambye.

• Kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso: gushyiramo utwuma two kongera ubushobozi bwo gupima utuntu duto cyane ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'amacupa kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza fotoni. Yongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya uburyo bwo kumenya utuntu duto cyane, bikaba bikwiye gukoreshwa mu gupima utuntu duto cyane.

3. Kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso

• Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga irangi rito: Udupira twongereweho umucyo dushyirwa ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'udupira twa scintillation kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza fotoni. Ibi byongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibipimo kandi birakwiriye mu gupima ibimenyetso by'ibipimo.

• Irangi ririnda kwangiza: Hakozwe irangi ririnda kwangiza ingero kugira ngo rigabanye ibisigazwa by'ingero no kunoza igipimo cyo kugarura ingero z'agaciro gakomeye cyangwa gukoresha ingero mu buryo bworoshye.

Nubwo amacupa yo gukaraba afite uruhare runini mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi ashyushye, aracyahura n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, umutekano mu mikorere no kurengera ibidukikije. Imikorere n'uburyo amacupa yo gukaraba ashobora kunozwa cyane n'ubushakashatsi mu bice bitandukanye. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, amacupa yo gukaraba azagira iterambere rikomeye mu bushishozi, ubwizerwe no kuramba, bishyiremo imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi ashyushye.

Umwanzuro n'Icyerekezo

Uducupa twa scintillation, nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara scintillation y'amazi (LSC), bigira uruhare rudasimburwa mu gupima imirasire binyuze mu kunoza no kunoza ibikoresho, imiterere n'imikorere. Guhanga udushya mu bikoresho, kunoza imiterere, kunoza imikorere n'ibindi bikorwa ni byo bikoresho by'ingenzi bifasha uducupa twa scintillation kuba ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi, rikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima, kugenzura umutekano w'ingufu za kirimbuzi, ubumenyi bw'ibidukikije n'ibindi.

Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga rya nanotechnology n’ikoranabuhanga rikora mu buryo bwikora, uduce twa scintillation tuzagira imikorere myiza, ubuhanga n’ubw’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza. Utu dushya ntituzateza imbere gusa iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara scintillation mu mazi, ahubwo tuzanatanga ibikoresho bikomeye n’inkunga mu bushakashatsi mu bijyanye na fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ubuvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima, n’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije. Mu gihe kizaza, uduce twa scintillation twitezweho kuba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya imirasire y’ingufu mu buryo bunoze, bwizewe kandi burambye.