Intangiriro

Kuva ryatera imbere mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, tekinike yo kubara amazi ya scintillation yabaye ishingiro ry’ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye na fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije. Ihame shingiro rishingiye ku kuba ibice byingufu zirekurwa mugihe cyo kwangirika kwa radionuclide bikorana namazi ya scintillation, bigahindura ingufu mumafoto agaragara. Izi fotone zihindurwa mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi na fotodetekitori (urugero, imiyoboro ya Photomultiplier, PMTs), amaherezo igasesengurwa kugirango igereranye umubare wibikoresho bya radio.

Nubwo aura yubuhanga bwo kubara ibinini byibanze byibanda kuri detector cyangwa amazi ya scintillating ubwayo, vial scintillation, nkibikoresho bikubiyemo icyitegererezo hamwe namazi ya scintillating, nibintu byingenzi byihishe byerekana intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa kwubushakashatsi.

Igishushanyo cyibikoresho bya scintillation mubyigisho byubu biracyafite ibibazo. Intego yuru rupapuro ni ugusesengura buri gihe ingaruka zumurimo nigishushanyo cyibikoresho bya scintillation kumikorere yabo, no guha abashakashatsi ishingiro ryamahame nubuyobozi bufatika muguhitamo no gukoresha ibishishwa bya scintillation ukoresheje imikorere, guhitamo igishushanyo, guhitamo ibikoresho, no kunoza imikorere.Muri icyo gihe, itegereje icyerekezo cyayo cyiterambere, itanga inkunga yo kurushaho kunoza no kwagura ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya LSC.

Incamake ya Liquid Scintillation Kubara Ikoranabuhanga

1. Ihame ryibanze: Urunigi rwuzuye rwo guhindura ingufu

Intandaro yo kubara ibinini byamazi biri muburyo bwose bwo guhindura ingufu zangirika za radio mubimenyetso bya optique binyuze mumazi ya scintillation, kandi inzira ya tekinike yayo irashobora kugabanywamo imishwarara yimishwarara, kubyara fotone, gufata ibimenyetso bya optique, no gusesengura amakuru.

2. Isesengura ryibice byingenzi byikoranabuhanga

• Igenzura rihamye ryumuti wa scintillation: irinde hydrolysis (urugero: Ethylene glycol ishingiye kuri scintillation ikeneye kongeramo antioxydeant BHT) cyangwa Photolysis (igisubizo gishingiye kuri toluene gikeneye kubikwa kure yumucyo); igice cyibisubizo bya scintillation (urugero: sisitemu ya Ethylene glycol irimo PPO) biroroshye kwinjiza kristu mubushyuhe buke (＜ 4 ℃), bizatuma kugabanuka gutunguranye kumikorere yumucyo.

• Gukora neza. Imiyoboro myinshi ya Detector array irashobora guhuzwa hamwe no gutunganya ibimenyetso bisa kugirango byongere umuvuduko wo hejuru-byinjira byisesengura.

• Icyitegererezo cyo gukusanya no kwezwa. Ion yogusigarana irashobora gukoreshwa mugusukura kugirango ikureho ion ibyuma no kugabanya igipimo cyinyuma. Zinc nitrate / potassium ferrocyanide ikoreshwa muguhuza radionuclide kuri pelletised, kugabanya ingano yumuti no kongera imikorere ya encapsulation.

Ikoreshwa rya tekinike yo kubara ya Liquid ituma habaho gutahura cyane radiyoyuclide ifite ingufu nkeya ihindura ingufu za radiyoyakasi mukimenyetso cyumucyo. Imikorere yacyo biterwa no gutezimbere ibintu byingenzi bya tekiniki nko gutuza kwamazi ya scintillation, sensitivite ya detector hamwe no gufunga no kweza icyitegererezo. Nkibice byingenzi bigize sample encapsulation, fluid scintillation ifite uruhare rudasubirwaho muriyi miyoboro, kandi igishushanyo cyayo no guhitamo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere rusange yikoranabuhanga rya LSC.

Ibiranga Ibyingenzi nigishushanyo cyibikoresho bya Scintillation

1. Imikorere ya kontineri

• Ikidodo: Ibibindi bya Scintillation bigomba kuba bifunze neza kugirango birinde imyuka ya radiyoyoka mugihe wirinda umwanda wo hanze winjira muri vial.

• Guhuza: Ibibindi bya Scintillation bigomba guhuzwa nubwoko butandukanye bwamazi ya scintillation kugirango barebe ko bidakora imiti cyangwa ngo bigire umubiri mubi igihe kirekire.

2. Guhitamo Ibikoresho

• Ikirahure: uburyo bwo kohereza cyane kugirango foton ikoreshwe neza; imiterere ihamye yimiti, irwanya ruswa, ikwiranye nubwinshi bwamazi ya scintillation; ibara ryibanze rito, rikwiranye no kumenya neza. Ariko, ikirahure kiroroshye kandi kiremereye.

• Plastike: yoroheje ningaruka zirwanya, byoroshye gukora no gutwara. Nyamara, plastike zimwe zirimo radionuclide karemano kandi ntizifite imiti ihagaze neza kandi izitwara hamwe na flux.

• Kurangiza Ubuso: Ibikoresho nka silika bisizwe kurukuta rwimbere rwicupa kugirango byongere urumuri no gukwirakwiza neza no kongera fotone.

3. Gukoresha imiterere nuburyo bwiza

• Igishushanyo cyo gufungura icupa: Gufungura bigufi bigabanya umuvuduko wamazi, bigabanya urumuri rutatanye kandi binonosora ibimenyetso bihoraho.

• Kwirinda umucyo: icupa ryijimye ryijimye cyangwa igifuniko gishobora kubuza urumuri rwo hanze, kugabanya urusaku rwinyuma no kunoza ibimenyetso-by-urusaku.

• Ibindi bishushanyo mbonera. micro vial irakwiriye mugupima micro sample, ishobora kugabanya ingano yumuti wa scintillation nigiciro gito.

Igishushanyo noguhitamo ibikoresho bya scintillation vial bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yabo. Kumenyekanisha ibyiyumvo no kumenya neza ibara ryamazi arashobora kunozwa cyane mugutezimbere kashe, guhuza, guhitamo ibikoresho, nuburyo bwubaka. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga rishya, imikorere y’ibikoresho bya scintillation bizarushaho kunozwa kugira ngo bitange inkunga ikomeye mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya LSC.

Uruhare rukomeye rwibikoresho bya Scintillation

1. Kongera imbaraga zo gutahura

• Urusaku ruke. Gufunga Vacuum cyangwa tekinike yo kuzuza gazi ikoreshwa mukugabanya ingaruka ziturika za ogisijeni nubushuhe kumazi ya scintillation.

• Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi: gukwirakwiza neza icupa ryurukuta rwemeza gufata urumuri rwinshi na deteter.

2. Kwemeza ko kwizerwa kugeragezwa

• Icyitegererezo gihamye: gufunga igihe kirekire kugirango wirinde guhindagurika cyangwa gutesha agaciro, bikwiranye nigihe kirekire. Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cya cap kashe yemeza ko ingero zidatemba cyangwa ngo zandure mugihe kirekire cyo kubika cyangwa gutwara.

• Kugenzura inshuro nyinshi.

3. Ibihe byagutse byo gusaba

• Kugaragaza micro-volume: Ibikoresho bya Micro scintillation bishyigikira isesengura ryinshi ryikigereranyo kandi birakwiriye kuboneka mikoro ntoya, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya reagent hamwe nigiciro cyubushakashatsi.

• Imiterere ikabije: Kwemeza ikirahure cyinshi cyikirahure cyangwa ibikoresho bya pulasitike bidasanzwe, birakwiriye kubushakashatsi bwihariye bwibidukikije ubushakashatsi bwa autoclave sterilisation cyangwa kubika ubushyuhe buke.

Ibikoresho bya Scintillation byongera imbaraga zo gutahura binyuze mumajwi yo hasi no guhererekanya ingufu muburyo bwo kubara amazi ya scintillation, kandi bikanatanga ubwizerwe bwikigereranyo hifashishijwe icyitegererezo gihamye no kugenzura imyororokere. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ya miniaturized kandi ikabije ihuza imiterere ikomeza kwagura ibikorwa byayo, itanga inkunga ikomeye mubushakashatsi mubijyanye na fiziki ya kirimbuzi, biomedicine no gukurikirana ibidukikije. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, imikorere y’ibikoresho bya scintillation izarushaho kunozwa, bizashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo guhanga no kwagura ibikorwa bya LSC.

Ingero zifatika

1. Umurima wibinyabuzima

• Umubare wa radiotracer muri radioimmunoassay: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) nubuhanga bukomeye cyane bwo kumenya ibinyabuzima byifashishwa mu gusesengura ingano ya hormone, ibiyobyabwenge nibimenyetso byibibyimba. Ibikoresho bya Scintillation bikoreshwa mugukoresha ibyuma bya antigen-antibody ya radiolabel hamwe nibisubizo bya scintillation, bigatuma hamenyekana neza imirasire ya radiyo binyuze mumashanyarazi menshi kandi igishushanyo mbonera.

2. Gukurikirana ingufu za kirimbuzi

• Kumenya radioisotopi mumyanda ya kirimbuzi: Imyanda ya kirimbuzi irimo radiyoyose zitandukanye zigomba gukurikiranwa neza kugirango umutekano wibidukikije. Ibibindi bya Scintillation bikoreshwa mugukingira imyanda ya kirimbuzi hamwe namazi ya scintillation kugirango bamenye radiyo, birinda kumeneka ibikoresho bya radio bifashisha ibikoresho birwanya ruswa hamwe na kashe ya hermetic.

3. Ubumenyi bwibidukikije

• Gukurikirana radionuclide muri aerosole yo mu kirere: Radionuclide muri aerosole yo mu kirere ni ibimenyetso byingenzi bigamije kwiga inzira z’ikirere no guhumanya ibidukikije. Ibikoresho bya Scintillation bikoreshwa mugukusanya no gutahura radionuclide mu byitegererezo bya aerosol, bigatezimbere ibyiyumvo byerekana ibikorwa bike binyuze muburyo bwo kwirinda urumuri no guhererekanya ingufu neza.

4. Ahandi hantu hasabwa

• Umutekano mu biribwa: Ibibindi bya Scintillation birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane umwanda wa radio mu biryo.

• Kurambagiza geologiya: gukundana mugupima isotopi ya radio ikora mumabuye namabuye y'agaciro.

• Kuvumbura ibiyobyabwenge: ibishishwa bya scintillation bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa metabolike kinetic yimiti ya radiolabel.

Ibikoresho bya Scintillation byagaragaje uruhare rudasubirwaho mubikorwa bifatika mubikorwa nka biomedicine, gukurikirana umutekano wa kirimbuzi na siyanse y’ibidukikije. Binyuze mu byiyumvo bihanitse, bihamye cyane kandi bishushanyije bitandukanye, vial scintillation itanga inkunga yizewe yo kumenya radioactivite no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mubice bifitanye isano. Mugihe kizaza, hamwe no gukomeza kwagura ibyifuzo bikenewe, scintillation vial izakomeza gukina agaciro kayo mumirima myinshi.

Inzitizi nicyerekezo cyo kunoza

1. Imipaka iriho

• Ikirahure cya Fragile kiganisha ku ngaruka zo gukora. Ibi birashobora gutuma ibiciro byigeragezwa byiyongera, cyane cyane mubisubizo byinshi cyangwa byikora.

• Plastike irashobora kugira ibibazo byo gusaza: Amacupa ya plastike scintillation ah gukoresha igihe kirekire cyangwa guhura nibihe bikabije (nkubushyuhe bwinshi, acide ikomeye na alkalis) birashobora gusaza, bikaviramo kugabanuka kumiterere yumubiri cyangwa guhuza imiti, bizagabanya kwizerwa no kubyara ibisubizo byubushakashatsi.

• Ikibazo cyurusaku rwimbere: Bimwe mubikoresho bya pulasitiki bishobora kuba birimo umwanda wa radio ukora, byongera umubare winyuma kandi bikagira ingaruka kumyumvire yibikorwa bike.

• Ibiciro nibibazo by ibidukikije: Ibirahuri byujuje ubuziranenge cyangwa ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byihariye birahenze, kandi ibikoreshwa rimwe gusa birashobora kuba umutwaro kubidukikije.

2. Udushya twikoranabuhanga

• Gutezimbere ibikoresho bishya: Dufatanije n’imiterere ihanitse y’imiti y’ubutaka n’uburwanya bw’ingaruka za plastiki, dutezimbere ibikoresho bishya bishingiye ku ceramique bishingiye ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwangirika, n’urusaku ruto rwo hasi, bigatuma bikwiranye n’imiterere ikabije no gutahura neza. Iterambere ryibikoresho bya pulasitiki biodegradable bigabanya umutwaro kubidukikije kandi birakwiriye kubushakashatsi bwakoreshwa, bijyanye nigitekerezo cyiterambere rirambye.

• Gukwirakwiza tekinoroji yo kuvura hejuru: gushira nanoscale optique yongerera impuzu kurukuta rwimbere rwamacupa kugirango utezimbere fotone. Kongera imbaraga zo gutahura, bikwiranye na micro-sample yo kumenya.

3. Gukwirakwiza tekinoroji yo kuvura hejuru

• Ikoranabuhanga rya Nano. Ibi birongera imbaraga zo gutahura kandi birakwiriye gushakisha icyitegererezo.

• Kurwanya ibicuruzwa: Kurwanya ibihimbano byakozwe kugirango hagabanuke ibisigisigi byintangarugero no kunoza igipimo cyo gukira kuburugero rwagaciro cyangwa gukoresha ibihe.

Nubwo amacupa ya scintillation afite uruhare runini mukubara tekinoroji yo kubara amazi, baracyafite imbogamizi zimwe mubijyanye numutungo wibintu, umutekano wibikorwa no kurengera ibidukikije. Imikorere nogukoresha urugero rwibikoresho bya scintillation birashobora kunozwa cyane nubushakashatsi mubice bitandukanye. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi bwibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, ibikoresho bya scintillation bizatera intambwe nini mu kwiyumvisha ibintu, kwiringirwa no kuramba, bitera imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi.

Imyanzuro na Outlook

Ibikoresho bya Scintillation, nkibice byingenzi bigize tekinoroji yo kubara (LSC), bigira uruhare rudasubirwaho mugutahura radioactivite binyuze muburyo bukomeza bwo gutezimbere no gutezimbere ibikoresho, imiterere nibikorwa. Guhanga udushya, kunoza imiterere, kunoza imikorere nibindi byiza ni ibikoresho byibanze byifashishwa mu bikoresho bya scintillation kugirango bibe ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi, rikoreshwa cyane muri biomedicine, gukurikirana ingufu za kirimbuzi, ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije n’izindi nzego.

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubumenyi bwibintu, nanotehnologiya hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryikora, vint scintillation izagera ku mikorere ihanitse, ifite ubwenge kandi yangiza ibidukikije mugihe kizaza. Ibi bishya ntibizateza imbere gusa ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara amazi ya scintillation, ahubwo bizanatanga ibikoresho bikomeye ninkunga yubushakashatsi mubijyanye na fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ibinyabuzima, na siyanse y’ibidukikije. Mu bihe biri imbere, ibikoresho bya scintillation byitezwe ko bizahinduka ibintu byingenzi, byizewe kandi birambye bigize tekinoroji yo gutahura radio.