Intangiriro

Nkibikenewe buri munsi, gutera amacupa bimaze igihe kinini bihujwe cyane mubuzima bwacu. Yaba ari muburyo bwo gukora isuku bwa buri munsi, cyangwa muburyo bwo kwivuza no kwita ku ruhu, cyangwa no mu macupa ya parfume yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, amacupa ya steay murashobora kuboneka ahantu hose. Isura yacyo ntabwo iduha gusa koroshya, ahubwo itanga ibicuruzwa bya burimunsi uburambe bwo gukoresha neza kandi bunoze. Hamwe nibikenewe bya societe hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ritera amacupa yazamuwe mubishushanyo mbonera nibikorwa, kandi bibaye intandaro yibanze yo gupakira ibicuruzwa byinshi.

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba amateka niterambere ryicupa ryikirahure kugirango baha abasomyi gusobanukirwa muburyo bworoshye nyamara ibintu bishya.

▶ Inkomoko n'iterambere ryambere rya SPRAR

1. Guhangana hakiri kare tekinoroji

Ikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga rishobora kuva mu kinyejana cya 19, igihe cyakoreshwaga cyane mu buvuzi nk'imiti n'imiti igomba guterwa mu gihe cyo kubagwa kugira ngo abaganga bakora inzira zidafasha. Mugutera, umukozi arashobora gukwirakwizwa ahanini muri ako gace ko afatwa, guhanga udushya byateje imbere akamaro ko kuvura no kugira uruhare mu kumenyekanisha no kuzamura ibikoresho byo gutera.

Hagati aho, ikirahure cyagaragaye nkigikoresho cyambere cyo gukora amacupa. Ibikoresho byikirahure bifite impeta nziza yimiti kandi ntirutwara byoroshye imvi hamwe nibirimo, kwemeza ubuziranenge n'umutekano byamazi. Muri icyo gihe, gukorera mu mucyo w'ikirahure byatumye bishoboka kugaragara neza imiterere y'amazi mu icupa, byafashaga gukurikirana dosiye, bikaba bikora ibintu byiza byo gutera.

2. Ikirahure spray icupa rya prototype

Amacunga yo mu kirahure kare yageze ku mirimo yabo yo gutera ahanini binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga mu kirere. Amacupa ya sway yabanje gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa byimisozi miremire, cyane cyane mu nganda za parufe. Kubera ko imikorere yintoki yemerewe kugenzura neza spray, ayo macupa yabaye aherekeza neza kubicuruzwa byiza nkibikoresho.

Mu 1907. Imyumvire yimihango ikoreshwa mugihe guhangayikishwa.arnold yabaye umusingi nurugero rwa kera rwicupa rya spray igishushanyo mbonera cyigihe kizaza, kandi rurangiza icyiciro cya mbere cyikirahure Shira amacupa. Ivumburwa rya Arnold ryabaye urufatiro nurugero rwa kera rwa Spray igishushanyo mpatandaro, kiranga icyiciro cyambere cyicupa rya spray.

Gutezimbere amacupa ya spray mu kinyejana cya 20

1. gutera imbere mu ikoranabuntu rya spray

Mu kinyejana cya 20, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera amacupa ryagize iterambere ryihuse, cyane cyane mu birori bya intele Ikoranabuhanga rya Aerool ryemerera amazi kuvangwa na pronernt mubikoresho byububiko, kandi ukanda buto, amazi arashobora guhinduka mu gihu cyiza, kimwe cyo gutera. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mubice nkibikoresho byimbitse nica uca udukoko, hanyuma bigatuma inzira yacyo ari inzira yo kwisiga. Bitewe nubushyuhe buhebuje bwibikoresho byikirahure, ibishushanyo byinshi bya Aerosol byashizweho hamwe no guhuza ibirahuri nicyuma, byatumye umutekano wibirimo kandi wongere imiterere ya paki.

Muri icyo gihe, icyifuzo cyo gutera amacupa mu nganda cya parufe kirakura. Amacupa yikirahure arahinduka byihuse guhitamo kwimuka kwimiterere ya parufe kubera ibiranga hejuru kandi byoroshye. Ibirango bya parfume bitanga uburambe bwiza kandi bworoshye bwo gukoresha amacupa, batera impumuro nziza yo kwinezeza kugirango ushimishe abaguzi. Mugihe kimwe, igishushanyo mbonera cyamacupa yikirahure kituma abaguzi bumva neza imiterere yibicuruzwa.

2. Ikirahure gitera amacupa yo guhuza ibihangano hamwe nimikorere

Hamwe no guteza imbere igishushanyo mboneraMu kinyejana cya 20, amacupa yikirahure yakomeje kunonosora mubikorwa gusa ,. Ubuhanzi bwabwo nabwo bwateye imbere cyane. Abashushanya batangiye gushakisha icupa rya spray nkumuco wimvugo yubuhanzi, cyane cyane mumwanya wa parufe hamwe no kwisiga, kureba ibihuru, no kureba ibihumyo ntabwo ari igikoresho gifatika cyo kuvuga, ariko nanone.

Ihuriro ryuburyo bwubuhanzi bugezweho hamwe nubukorikori bwikirahure butuma icupa rya spray ikintu kigereranya uburyohe bwumuntu. Kurugero, amacupa menshi ya parufe yagenewe gushyiramo imiterere yihariye, amabara ashushanya ashaka kuvuga, gukora ayo macupa ntabwo ari ugukora bidasubirwaho gusa, ahubwo binatanga icyerekezo. Ubuvuzi, gukorera mu mucyo n'amenewe, hashyirwaho hashyirwaho ikimenyetso cy'ikirahure gitanga abashushanya icyumba kitagira imipaka cyo guhanga no kuzamura cyane ibicuruzwa byabo.

Iyi fusion yibinyabuzima nuburyo butuma icupa ryikirahure rirenze ikintu cyo gupakira; Buhoro buhoro ihinduka igice cyingenzi cyumuco nubuzima bwumuguzi.

Udushya twintoki mu ikoranabuhanga mu macupa ya none

1. Gukenera kurengera ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye

Hamwe no guhangayikishwa ku isi cyane ku mpinduko bya plastike, igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije buhoro buhoro kiba kinini mu nganda zitandukanye, amacupa yikirahure yagaruye ubwitonzi bukabije. Nubwo gukoresha amacupa bya plastike bikwirakwira, bituma batunganya bitera umutwaro mwinshi kubidukikije. Ibinyuranye, ikirahure ntabwo ari inert gusa, ahubwo irashobora gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi, kugabanya ibyangiritse kubidukikije. Nkigisubizo, ibigo byinshi kandi byinshi bihitamo gukoresha amacupa yikirahure nkubundi bunyabuzima bwibidukikije kubicuruzwa byabo, mugusubiza ibyifuzo byiterambere ryisi.

Gutezimbere amacuhuzi yikirahure yinjira byagize uruhare muri iyi nzira. Mu kubiyahuza kubera gusubiramo byoroshye kandi bisobanutse kandi bisobanutse, abaguzi barashobora gukoresha icupa rimwe inshuro nyinshi, bagabanya imyanda yibikoresho bitagerwaho. Iki gishushanyo gikemuwe kikunzwe cyane cyane kuruhu, impumuro hamwe nibicuruzwa byogusukura, kandi ntabwo ari urugwiro, kandi ntabwo ari urugwiro gusa, ariko nanone atanga abaguzi amahitamo ameze neza.

2. Kunoza Ikoranabuhanga

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya none ryakomeje kandi gutera imbere cyane, cyane cyane mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ritera ubusobanuro. Ikirahure cya none Spray amacupa atanga byinshi hamwe na spray nziza kuruta amacupa. Ingaruka zifatika zidatanga gusa icupa ryo kugenzura gusa amazi yatewe mugihe cyamazi yatewe ahanini agize ibihumyo bihamye, byiza, bikuza cyane uburambe bwibicuruzwa.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga bigera kumiterere yubwiza bwa buri munsi muburyo bworoshye bwubuvuzi. Kurugero, imiti imwe nimwe isaba spray yuzuye kugirango yinjire muri tract yubuhumekero, hamwe na tekinoroji ya none Icurarahuri ishoboye gukemura ibyo bisabwa gahunda yo kugenzura dosiye. Mugihe kimwe, ibicuruzwa byita ku ruhu

Muri make, ibirahuri bigezweho bitera intoki ntabwo bitanga umusanzu wingenzi mu kurera ibidukikije, ariko no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga kugirango basimbure ibyo bakoresheje uburambe, babaye amahitamo adasanzwe yo gupakira munganda.

▶ Grall Spray Amacupa Amashakishwa nibimenyetso byumuco

1. Ikimenyetso cy'iherezo ry'isoko

Amacupa yikirahure afite akamaro k'ingenzi mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo ku isoko ry'imisozi miremire, cyane cyane inganda nziza, aho ibikoresho byiza ndetse n'ubukorikori buhebuje hamwe n'ubukorikori budasanzwe bwo gusiga ibirango.

Isoko rya parufe byumwihariko ryibanda kumiterere rusange yibicuruzwa nubunararibonye. Iyo abaguzi bagura parufe, ntibishyura impumuro nziza, ariko nanone utegereze kumva agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye binyuze muri parufe. Igishushanyo mbonera nubukorikori bwibirahure bitera parufe ntigikora neza, ahubwo binoze umunezero wo gukoresha inzira, bigatuma ayo macupa yikirahure ubwayo afite agaciro kamwe.

2. Imikoranire-Umuguzi

Ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe gusa kubicuruzwa, ariko nanone nkigimenyetso cyamashusho yikirango hamwe namacupa yikirahure kwemerera ibirango byinshi byo hejuru kugirango ushiremo amatwi yimbitse hamwe nicupa ryibishushanyo. Gushyiramo ibintu bidasanzwe cyangwa uruhare rw'abahanzi bazwi mu gishushanyo nimpamvu ituma ibikomoka ku buke bwihariye ku isoko, bityo bikangeza inyungu zidasanzwe.

Binyuze mu mapaki meza, ibirango ntibigaragaza gusa urwego rwabo n'umuco, ahubwo birashobora no kwerekana uburyohe bwihariye bw'abaguzi. Igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kubahiriza ibyifuzo byihariye byamatsinda atandukanye kandi uzamure imyumvire yindangamuntu yabaguzi. Guha abakoresha hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa icupa ryumuntu ku giti cyabo, kugirango buri gicuruzwa gihinduka umurimo wihariye wubuhanzi kubakoresha. Iyi mikoranire yemerera abaguzi kumva byinshi kumarangamutima nubudahemuka mugihe cyo gukoresha.

Muri make, ibirahure bitera gusa uburyo bwabo bwo hejuru no mubuhanzi mugutanga isoko, ariko kandi bikaba kwagura umuco wibicuruzwa, bigatanga ikimenyetso cyimico myiza kandi ifite uburyohe bwo kuryoherwa kumasoko meza.

▶ uko ejo hazaza no kubona

1. Guhanga udushya

Hamwe no kongera kurwanya ibidukikije, iterambere ry'ejo hazaza h'amacupa yikirahure rizitonderwa cyane no guhagarika ibikoresho no kurengera ibidukikije. Nubwo ikirahuri ubwacyo ari ibikoresho byinshuti yibidukikije, guhuza ibikoresho bishya bizarushaho kuzamura imikorere yayo. Shakisha ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bishya bya biodegradupation muguhuza ikirahure, cyangwa utezimbere ikirahuri cyoroshye, kiramba kandi gisubirwamo kandi gisubirwamo kandi gisubirwamo kandi gisubirwamo.

Muri make, ejo hazaza amacupa yikirahure azarushaho kuba inshuti ya gidukikije, imikorere kandi yihariye. Ntabwo ari ukwikorera udushya two gupakira ibicuruzwa, ahubwo ni igikoresho cyubuzima bwa Chengwei wang kuri Deperize na Donghai hu kugirango bayobore inzira nshya yisoko rishya.

Shya

Ubwihindurize bw'icupa ry'ikirahure ryerekana ko dukomeje guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no gushushanya. Kuva mu buryo bworoshye bworoshye mumwanya wubuvuzi kugeza kurwego rwarwo mubice nka parufe, kwisiga no gusukura amacukura, Icura ryikirahure ryabaye uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu mubuzima bwa buri munsi.

Kureba ejo hazaza, ku isi ihangayikishijwe no kurengera ibidukikije, gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho no kuzamuka kw'ibintu byubwenge, amacupa yikirahure azakomeza gufata umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byo gupakira. Niba ukurikije imikorere, igishushanyo mbonera, cyangwa inshingano zibidukikije, amacupa yikirahure azakomeza guhinduka kandi akomeza kuyobora isoko ryisoko ryizaza ninzira yumuguzi.