Intangiriro

Mu ikorwa ry’imiti, imiti ishongesha ikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwinshi bwo guhuza API, kuyikuramo, kuyisukura no kuyitunganya. Ariko, iyo iyi miti ishongesha isanzwe idakuweho burundu mu musaruro wa nyuma, hazakorwa “imiti ishongesha isigaye”. Imiti imwe n’imwe ifite uburozi, kanseri cyangwa izindi ngaruka zishobora kubaho ku buzima, bityo rero, kugenzura neza ingano y’imiti isigaye mu miti si ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwemeza umutekano w’imiti y’abarwayi, ahubwo ni n’igice cy’ingenzi mu gucunga neza imiti.

Mu isesengura ry'umwanya w'umutwe, icyitegererezo gifungirwa mu kintu runaka kugira ngo gishyushye, kugira ngo ibice bihindagurika bisohoke mu mwanya wa gazi uri hejuru y'ikintu gikoreshwamo, hanyuma iyi gazi ishyirwe muri chromatograph ya gazi kugira ngo isesengurwe. Kwizerwa no gutungana kw'iyi ntambwe isa n'aho yoroshye biterwa ahanini n'uducupa tw'ingenzi dushobora gukoreshwa - utubuto tw'umutwe.

Incamake y'uburyo bwo gusesengura ibisigazwa by'imiti

Ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiti ishobora kuba iri mu miti, ifite imiterere itandukanye y'uburozi, igomba gushyirwa mu byiciro no gucungwa hakurikijwe ingaruka zishobora kubaho iyo isesenguwe kandi ikagenzurwa. Ibyibutswa mpuzamahanga byasuzumwe n'urungano bishyira imiti isigaye mu byiciro bitatu bikurikira:

1. Icyiciro cya 1: Ibinyabutabire bibujijwe

Harimo benzene, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloride ya karuboni, nibindi, bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije ndetse n’ibyangiza ibidukikije, bigomba kwirindwa mu gihe cyo gukora. Imipaka igenzurwa cyane kandi akenshi ibarwa ku rugero rwa ppm cyangwa ndetse no munsi yarwo.

2. Icyiciro cya 2: Ibyuma bishongesha bigenzurwa ku buryo buciriritse

Harimo toluene, acetonitrile, DMF, isopropyl alcohol n'ibindi. Imyaka y'iyi misemburo yemerwa mu gihe runaka, ariko iracyafite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe z'uburozi. Imipaka ishyirwaho hashingiwe kuri ADI kandi akenshi isaba gukurikiranwa cyane.

3. Icyiciro cya 3: Ibinyabutabire bike by'uburozi

Ibi birimo ethanol, propanol, ethyl acetate, nibindi, bifite uburozi buke ku bantu kandi muri rusange bifatwa nk'ibitagira ingaruka ku miti kugeza ku ifunguro rya buri munsi rya 50 mg.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubwoko n'ibikubiye muri ibi bisigazwa by'amazi, chromatography ya gaz (GC) ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura, bufite ibyiza bikomeye byo kuba umuntu ashobora kwiyumvamo cyane, gukoresha neza uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu, no gukoresha ibintu bihindagurika, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gusesengura ibisigazwa by'amazi kugira ngo hamenyekane ibimenyetso.

Mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutera chromatography y’ikirere, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera headspace rikoreshwa cyane mu gutahura ibisigazwa by’imiti. Ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu rukundo rw’icyo gipimo gifunze mu icupa ry’umutwe, gishyushye ku bushyuhe bukwiye, ni solvent iri mu icyitegererezo cyo guhindagurika mu mwanya wa gaze y’icupa, hanyuma ikava mu mwanya ikavanamo ingano runaka ya gaze ikodeshwa muri GC kugira ngo isuzumwe.

Ibyiza byo kugaburira umuntu mu mutwe birimo:

• Kugabanya urugero rw'ubuvuzi mbere yo kuvurwa: nta bikorwa bigoye byo gukuramo solvent cyangwa kuyivanga bikenewe kandi ingero zishobora gushyushywa mu cyumba gifunze neza;
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kongera kubyara no guhagarara neza: mu kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n'igihe by'ubushyuhe, ihindagurika ry'icyitegererezo rirushaho kuba ryiza, bigabanya amakosa mu mikorere;
• Kwirinda kwanduza cyangwa kwangiza inkingi: igice cya gaze ni cyo cyonyine cyinjizwa muri sisitemu ya chromatography, ibi bigabanya cyane ukwivanga kw'ibice bidahindagurika mu nkingi n'icyuma gipima.
• Bikwiriye gusesengura mu buryo bwikora: sisitemu yo gushyiramo headspace irashobora guhuzwa neza na autosampler, ikwiriye gukenerwa cyane mu gupima imikorere.

Ariko, agakoresho k’icyitegererezo gahamye kandi kizewe, uducupa tw’umutwe, ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho isesengura ryiza kandi ry’ukuri ry’umutwe, ritagenzura gusa imyitwarire yo kwangirika no gufunga kw’icyitegererezo, ahubwo rinagira ingaruka ku bisubizo by’isesengura rya nyuma.

Ibisobanuro n'ingaruka z'uducupa tw'umutwe

Mu buryo bwo gupima imiterere y’umutwe, gushyushya no guhindagurika kw’icyitegererezo ndetse no gufata umwanya wa gazi byombi biba mu ducupa tw’umutwe nk’uducupa tw’umwuka, nubwo bisa nkaho byoroshye, ariko imiterere n’imikorere y’uducupa tw’umutwe bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwizerwa kw’uburyo bwose bwo gusesengura.
Uducupa tw’umutwe ni ingero z’ibice byagenewe guterwamo umutwe mu gushushanya gaze. Imiterere yatwo isanzwe igizwe n’ibi bikurikira:

Icupa: muri rusange ikozwe mu kirahuri cya borosilicate kinini, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubudakora neza mu binyabutabire, ikunze kuboneka mu ngano ya 10ml, 20ml, cyangwa nini;

Gufungura icupa/umugozi: ahanini ifunguye risanzwe rya mm 20, rikwiriye imipfundikizo ya aluminiyumu na sisitemu zo gukora isuzuma ryikora;

Umupfundikizo: akenshi ikandagirwa mu bikoresho bihuye neza kugira ngo icupa ribe ritoshye;

Gasket: Hari imiterere ya PTFE na silicone, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubudakora neza mu binyabutabire, ishobora kwihanganira gutobora inshuro nyinshi idasohoka.

Inshingano nyamukuru y'icupa ry'umutwe ni ugutanga ibidukikije bifunze, bidafite umwuka kandi bigenzurwa, ni uburyo bwo gushyushya icupa hejuru y'umwanya wa gazi, gukora uburinganire bwa gazi buhagarariye ingano y'umusemburo mu cyiciro cy'umwimerere.

By’umwihariko, uruhare rwayo rugaragarira muri ibi bikurikira:

Ingwate yo gufunga: gufunga neza kugira ngo icyitegererezo kiri mu gihe cyo gushyushya cyangwa kuruhuka kidahora giterwa n'amazi n'igihombo cya solvent;

Uburinzi bw'ibintu bidafite ishingiro: ibikoresho by'ikirahure na gasket byiza birinda ingaruka z'ikizamini cyangwa umuti, birinda ko habaho ibimenyetso bitari byo cyangwa kubangamira ibimenyetso;

Imiterere y'ingano ihoraho: amacupa asanzwe agira uruhare mu gutuma umutwe uhagarara neza kandi wongera kugaragara, bityo bigatuma ibipimo n'igereranya ry'ibyavuye mu isesengura bigerwaho.

Uducupa tw’umutwe turwanya icyizere gishyirwa ku gikoresho cy’umutwe cyikora. Ubusanzwe imikorere iba ikurikira:

1. Umuti w'icyitegererezo wongerwa ku gacupa k'umutwe hanyuma ugafungwa;
2. Autosampler ishyira agacupa mu cyuma gishyushya thermostat;
3. Icyitegererezo gishyushywa mu gacupa kugeza ku bushyuhe bugenwe kandi ibice bihindagurika byimukira mu mutwe;
4. Urushinge rwo guterwamo urushinge rutobora gasket rukanakura ingano ya gaze mu mutwe;
5. Iyo gaze ishyirwa muri chromatographe ya gaze kugira ngo itandukane n'intabaza kandi imenyekane.

Muri iki gikorwa, imiterere y’imiterere, imikorere yo gutobora gasket, no gufunga uduce tw’umutwe bifitanye isano itaziguye n’uburyo icyitegererezo gifatwa neza n’uburyo gikoreshwa. By’umwihariko, gukoresha uduce tw’umutwe dusanzwe kandi twizewe mu bikorwa byikora ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko inzira yo gusesengura igenda neza kandi ikagabanya igipimo cyo gutsindwa.

Kuki amacupa ya Headspace ari ingenzi?

Nubwo chromatographe ya gaze na detector ari byo bikoresho by'ingenzi mu gusesengura ibisigazwa by'amazi, uruhare rw'agacupa k'umutwe ni ingenzi cyane. Nk'umutwaro w'ibisesengura kuva ku icyitegererezo cyo kuvurwa kugeza ku guterwa, imikorere yabyo ifitanye isano itaziguye n'uburyo sisitemu yose yo gusesengura ihamye n'uburyo amakuru yizewe.

1. Icyitegererezo cy'ubuziranenge n'igenzura ry'ihindagurika ry'ikirere

Ibisigazwa by’ibinyabutabire ahanini ni ibintu bishyuha cyane, bihindagurika mu buryo bw’umwimerere kandi bishobora gutakaza igihe cyo kubikoresha, gushyushya cyangwa kubibika. Iyo uducupa tw’umutwe tudafunze neza mu gihe cyose cyo gusesengura, ingano y’ibinyabutabire ishobora guhinduka, bigatera ibisubizo bidafite aho bibogamiye.

Uducupa tw’imbere two mu mutwe dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi dushobora gushyuha kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 100-150 mu gihe dufunze neza, bigatuma ibice bihinduka birekurwa gusa kandi bigasesengurwa mu buryo bugenwe;

Gugenzura neza icyitegererezo kugira ngo kigere ku buringanire bwa gazi n'amazi ku bushyuhe n'ingano bidahinduka birushaho kuba byiza kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro.

2. Ingaruka z'imikorere yo gufunga ku bisubizo by'isesengura

Uburyo bwo gufunga agacupa ka Headspace ubusanzwe bugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umupfundikizo, gasket n'agace k'umunwa. Gufunga nabi ahantu hamwe bishobora gutuma ingero zisohoka, urusaku rwinshi rw'inyuma, cyangwa se kwanduzwa n'ingero.

Gaskets za PTFE/silicone nziza cyane ntizirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiti gusa, ahubwo zishobora no kwihanganira gupfumuka kenshi no kugumana ipfundo ryiza;

Gasket cyangwa gland idafite ubuziranenge buhagije bishobora gutuma solvent isohoka mbere yo gusesengura cyangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gasongero k'ubutaka kandi bigagabanya ubuziranenge bw'ingano.

3. Guhuza na sisitemu zo gukora isuzumabumenyi (autosampling systems)

Inshinge zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gupima imiterere y’umutwe zikunze gukoreshwa muri laboratwari zigezweho kugira ngo zinoze imikorere n’uburyo ibisubizo bihoraho, kandi imiterere y’agacupa ka Headspace ituma gashobora guhuzwa neza n’ubwoko bukomeye bw’imiti iterwa.

Ibipimo bisanzwe byemeza ko amacupa ashobora kumenyekana mu buryo bwikora, agashyirwa neza kandi agatoborwa mu cyuma gitera inshinge;

Kugabanya amakosa yakozwe n'intoki byongera imikorere myiza mu gutunganya ingero no guhuza amakuru, bigatuma agacupa ka Headspace kaba keza cyane mu igeragezwa ry’umusaruro mwinshi.

4. Ubutameze neza bw'ibinyabutabire mu bikoresho

Ubuhanga mu gufunga amacupa n'ibikoresho byo gufunga ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa mu gihe cyo gusesengura ibintu bidafite akamaro. Ibikoresho bibi bishobora kwivanga cyangwa bigatera ingaruka ku bintu bidafite akamaro, bigatera ingaruka mbi.

Ikirahure cya Borosilicate ntigikoresha imiti kandi ntigikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikarinda ko ibinyabutabire bidashobora kwinjiza cyangwa kwangirika k'ubushyuhe;

Kuri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe zo gushonga, gasket zikozwe mu bikoresho byihariye zirakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uburyo bwo kuzitahura no kudahindagurika kw'icyitegererezo.

Agacupa ka Headspace si ikintu cyoroshye gusa, ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko ibyavuye mu isesengura ry’ibisigazwa by’ibinyabutabire ari ukuri, bihuye kandi bishobora kongera gusubirwamo. Gafite imirimo myinshi y’ingenzi mu ruhererekane rw’isesengura ryose, nko kurinda gufunga, kugenzura ihindagurika ry’ibinyabutabire, guhuza sisitemu, kwemeza ko imiti idakora neza, nibindi. Ni kimwe mu bintu bidasimburwa kugira ngo habeho isuzuma ry’imiti ryiza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu guhitamo agacupa gakwiye ko mu mutwe

Mu isesengura ry’ibisigazwa by’ibinyabutabire, guhitamo agacupa gakwiye k’umutwe ni ngombwa kugira ngo amakuru akoreshwe neza kandi ahuze n’uburyo akoreshwa. Ibikenewe mu igerageza bitandukanye, ubwoko bw’ibipimo n’ibikoresho bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku bikoresho by’agacupa k’umutwe, imiterere n’imikorere. Ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo agacupa k’umutwe:

1. Ibikoresho: ubwoko bw'ikirahure n'ubukonje

• Ikirahure cya borosilicate cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere: ibikoresho by'icupa bikunzwe cyane mu gusesengura ibisigazwa by'amazi. Ubudahangarwa bwabyo bwiza cyane mu bushyuhe n'imiti ndetse n'ubwinshi bwa iyoni zigwa mu mazi buri hasi cyane bibuza imikorere y'imiti hagati y'amazi n'icupa, birinda ibimenyetso bitari byo cyangwa kubangamira ibimenyetso.
• Umucyo mwinshi w'icupa: bifasha kureba vuba uko icyitegererezo gihagaze mu gihe cyo gupima, kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura ubuziranenge, nko kuba hari amazi abira, ingano nyayo y'amazi, nibindi, ndetse no kumenya byoroshye hakoreshejwe sisitemu zikora.

2. Guhitamo ingano: Ibipimo bikunze gukoreshwa 10ml, 20ml

Guhitamo ubushobozi bwo gukoresha agacupa ka Headspace bigomba gushingira ku bintu bikurikira:

• Ingero z'ingano: Ubusanzwe ingano y'icyitegererezo iba hafi 50% by'ingano y'icupa kugira ngo habeho umwanya uhagije wo gufata umutwe (agace ka gaze) kugira ngo habeho uburinganire bw'ihindagurika ry'ikirere;
• Ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gusesenguraUrugero, uburyo bwa USP <467> bwo gusigasira imiti butanga inama yo gukoresha agacupa kangana na mililitiro 20;
• Guhuza Autosampler: yemeza ko icupa ryatoranijwe rishyigikira igikoresho cyakoreshejwe, cyane cyane icupa riri hejuru y'umwobo.

3. Ubwoko bwa gasket yo gupfuka: gufunga no gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gufunga

Ibikoresho bya gasket: ikoreshwa cyane ni gasket ya PTFE ivanze, imiterere yayo ifite ibyiciro bibiri ihuza ubushyuhe bwa PTFE n'ubukonje bwa silicone, ishobora kwihanganira gutobora mu bushyuhe bwinshi no kugumana ifunga neza; ku bintu bikomeye byangiza cyangwa biteye ubwoba, ushobora guhitamo gasket ya PTFE ifite isuku nyinshi.

Ubwoko bw'imipfundikizo y'amacupa: Udupfundikizo twa aluminiyumu tubereye ibikoresho byinshi, dufite imiterere y’uturemangingo ifunze neza kandi ifunga neza; Udupfundikizo twa magnetike tubereye sisitemu zo gusangamo ibintu zikoresheje magnetike, ibyo bifasha kunoza imikorere myiza yo kugaburira no gushyira ibintu neza; Udupfundikizo dufite imigozi, nubwo tworoshye gukoreshwa n'intoki, dushobora kudafunga neza ubwoko bw'uturemangingo kandi tubereye cyane mu byiciro by'iterambere cyangwa mu bihe bidakoresha ikoranabuhanga rinini.

4. Ibisabwa kugira ngo ikoreshwa rishobore kongera gukoreshwa n'ikiguzi cyaryo

Uducupa tw'ibirahure dushobora kongera gukoreshwa (dusaba gusukurwa no gucibwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi) turakwiriye uburyo bumwe na bumwe butari ubw'imiti cyangwa ubushakashatsi ku iterambere kandi dushobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire;

Ariko, ku nganda za GMP cyangwa laboratwari zemewe zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, uducupa dukoreshwa rimwe ni two twiza mu kugira isuku no kwirinda kwanduzwa;

Mu gihe uguze mu byiciro, ni ngombwa kandi gupima ubwiza bw'ikirango, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mu byiciro, n'igiciro kugira ngo uhitemo umucuruzi utanga uburinganire mu mikorere n'ikiguzi.

Guhitamo neza agacupa k’umutwe si igikorwa cy’ibanze gusa, ahubwo ni no kugaragaza ubwenge bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Buri gipimo gisa n’aho ari gito gikora uruhare runini mu kuri kw’umusaruro, guhamye kw’imikorere y’uturemangingo no gukora neza muri laboratwari. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa neza ibi bintu by’ingenzi ni ubushobozi bw’umwuga bwa buri mutekinisiye ukora mu gusesengura imiti.

Ibibazo n'inyandiko bikunze kubazwa

Nubwo uducupa tw’umutwe dukoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura ibisigazwa by’umushongi, ibibazo byinshi bishobora kuvuka mu bikorwa bitewe no gukoresha nabi cyangwa guhitamo ibikoresho bikoreshwa. Ibi bikurikira ni ibibazo n’inama bikunze kugaragara mu kwirinda:

1. Uburyo bwo kwirinda kwanduzwa n'icyitegererezo

Kwanduzanya kw'ibipimo ntikugira ingaruka gusa ku buryo bufatika bw'ibisubizo by'isesengura, ahubwo bishobora no gutera ihungabana ry'igihe kirekire mu buryo bwo gushakisha, cyane cyane iyo habayeho ibyago byinshi mu gusesengura urwego rwo hasi. Ingamba zikurikira zishobora gukumira iki kibazo neza:

• Shyira imbere ikoreshwa ry'uducupa dukoreshwa rimwe n'udupfundikizo: ubu ni bwo buryo butaziguye kandi bufite akamaro cyane, cyane cyane mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'imiti no gupima amategeko;
• Simbuza cyangwa usukure neza uducupa twakoreshejwe: niba bikenewe kongera gukoreshwa, menya neza ko byasukuwe neza hakoreshejwe intambwe nka amazi yakuwemo ioni, imiti ihumanya ikirere, no kumisha ubushyuhe bwinshi;
• Uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi mu buryo buhamye: koresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gutekesha imiyoboro kugira ngo wirinde ko ingero zitonyanga ku icupa cyangwa hafi yaryo;
• Sukura ibikoresho byo ku ntebe n'uturindantoki: mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho bisukura umwuka, uturindantoki tugomba guhindurwa buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza ubwandu binyuze mu gukoresha ibikoresho.

2. Gusohora igipfundikizo mu gihe cyo gushyushya

Mu isesengura ry’aho ibintu biherereye, icyitegererezo kigomba gushyushywa kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 80-120 cyangwa kirenzeho. Iyo imigozi cyangwa gaskets bidafunze neza, imiti ishobora gusohoka mu gihe cyo gushyushya, bigatuma amakuru ahindagurika cyangwa umusaruro uba muke.

• Hitamo gasket nziza cyane: zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe no gutobora kugira ngo zizeze ko igipfundikizo kidacika;
• Imbaraga zo gufunga neza: gupfundikira intoki cyangwa kwikora bigomba kuba biri hagati, kurekura cyane bishobora kuva amazi, gufunga cyane bishobora kwangiza gasket cyangwa bigatuma icupa ricika;
• Igenzura rihoraho ry'urushinge rw'uburyo bwo kugaburira: urushinge rwashaje cyangwa rwangiritse rushobora kubuza gasket kuziba, bigatera kuva amazi;
• Imiterere y'ubushyuhe ikwiye: ntigomba kurenza urugero rw'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw'agasanduku cyangwa umupfundikizo, muri rusange igenzurwa mu ntera ya 110-130 ℃ ni yo itekanye.

3. Inama ku isuku y'ibicupa no kubibika

Kugira ngo hakorwe ikoreshwa ry'ibicupa bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kugenzura ikiguzi cyangwa iterambere ry'uburyo bwo kubikoresha, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane uburyo bwo gusukura no kubika kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyanda cyangwa ibisigazwa by'amazi bivamo:

• Intambwe zo gusukura zisabwa: oza inshuro nyinshi n'amazi yakuwemo ioyine; oza n'ibintu bisukura by'umwimerere bikwiye; isuku ya ultrasound bitewe n'urwego rw'ubwandu; nika ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri 105℃-120℃ kugira ngo hatagira ubushuhe cyangwa ikintu gisigaye gihari.
• Inama ku bubiko: kubika ahantu hasukuye, humutse kandi hafunze, kugira ngo hirindwe ivumbi, ibintu bihindagurika bishobora kongera kwanduza; mbere yo kubikoresha iyo bibitswe igihe kirekire, ni byiza kongera kubigenzura no kubisukura; kwirinda ko byangirika igihe kirekire ku zuba cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikirahure cyangwa gasket byangirika.

Mu gusobanukirwa neza ibi bisobanuro by'ingenzi by'imikorere, ntushobora kongera gusa uburyo ikizamini gisubirwamo neza, ahubwo unakongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho no kugabanya igipimo cyo gutsindwa. Ku bintu bisesengura nk'ibisigazwa by'ibinyabutabire, bishobora kwangirika cyane mu guhindagurika kw'ibipimo, imicungire irambuye ya buri sano y'imikorere ntigomba kwirengagizwa.

Umwanzuro

Mu rwego rwo gusesengura neza kandi rutunganye ibisigazwa by’imiti, agacupa k’umutwe, nubwo ari gato, gafite uruhare runini kandi rw’ingenzi. Kuva ku kubika, gufunga no gushyushya icyitegererezo, kugeza ku guhuza na sisitemu yo gupima, ni wo murongo wa mbere w’uburinzi mu ruhererekane rwose rw’amakuru kugira ngo hamenyekane ko amakuru ari ukuri.

Uducupa tw’imbere tw’umutwe mwiza ntabwo turinda gusa ubusugire bw’icyitegererezo, hirindwa igihombo cyo kwangirika kw’ingufu, kandi tunoza imiterere y’inshinge, ahubwo ni n'ishingiro ry’ingenzi ryo kuvumbura no gupima mu buryo bwikora. Cyane cyane iyo hakorwa isesengura ry’ingano y’ibipimo risabwa n’amahame agenga imiti, inenge ntoya, ibikoresho bidakwiye, cyangwa se kuzuza icyitegererezo mu buryo butari bwo bizagira ingaruka mbi ku bisubizo by’isesengura.

Mu gihe iterambere ry'imiti n'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bikomeje kongera urwego rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga no kuvumbura, amahame y'ubuziranenge bw'uducupa tw'umutwe na yo arimo kwiyongera. Kuva ku isuku y'ibikoresho, guhuza izina kugeza ku guhuza sisitemu, uducupa tw'umutwe w'ejo hazaza ntabwo tugomba kuba duhamye kandi twizewe gusa, ahubwo tugomba no kugira uruhare rwa "interface isanzwe" muri laboratwari y'igenamigambi, bigafasha gukurikirana amakuru, gukora inyigo no kunoza igenzura ry'ubuziranenge.