Mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugezweho na laboratoire zisesengura, kuramba byabaye ingingo yingenzi idashobora kwirengagizwa. Hamwe n’amabwiriza akomeye y’ibidukikije no kwibanda ku isi hose ku cyatsi, inganda zirashaka uburyo bwo kugabanya imyanda n’umwanda w’ibidukikije.

Ibibindi bya Scintillation, nkibikoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire, bikoreshwa cyane mububiko bwa radioaktiw ububiko hamwe nisesengura ryibara rya scintillation.Ibibindi bya scintillation mubusanzwe bikozwe mubirahuri cyangwa plastike kandi akenshi usanga bikoreshwa rimwe. Nyamara, iyi myitozo itanga imyanda myinshi ya laboratoire kandi ikongera amafaranga yo gukora.

Kubwibyo, byabaye ngombwa cyane gushakisha amahitamo kubikoreshwa byongeye gukoreshwa.

Ibibazo hamwe na gakondo ya Scintillation Vial

Nubwo uruhare rukomeye rwibikoresho bya scintillation ah ubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire, uburyo bwabo bwo gukoresha bumwe butera ibibazo byinshi bidukikije numutungo. Ibikurikira nizo mbogamizi zingenzi zijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho bya scintillation gakondo:

1. Ingaruka ku bidukikije zo gukoresha rimwe

• Gukusanya imyanda: Laboratoire zikoresha umubare munini wibikoresho bya scintillation buri munsi mubice birimo ingero za radiyo ikora, isesengura ryimiti cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima, kandi ibyo bikoresho akenshi bijugunywa nyuma yo kubikoresha, bigatuma imyanda ya laboratoire ikwirakwizwa vuba.
• Ikibazo cyo kwanduza.

2. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukoresha ibirahuri nibikoresho bya plastiki

• Igiciro cyo gukora ibirahuri bya scintillation: ikirahure nigikoresho kinini cyo gukoresha ingufu, uburyo bwo gukora burimo gushonga ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi butwara ingufu nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, uburemere bwinshi bwikirahure bwongera imyuka ya karubone mugihe cyo gutwara.
• Igiciro cyibidukikije cyibikoresho bya plastike: Laboratoire nyinshi zikoresha ibikoresho bya scintillation bikozwe muri plastiki, biterwa nubutunzi bwa peteroli kugirango bibyare umusaruro, ndetse na plastiki zifite uruziga rurerure cyane rwo kubora, bikaba binaremereye ibidukikije.

3. Ibibazo byo kujugunya no gutunganya

• Ingorane zo gutondeka no gutunganya.
• Igiciro kinini cyo guta: Bitewe n'umutekano no kubahiriza ibisabwa, laboratoire nyinshi zigomba kuza mu kigo cyihariye cyo guta imyanda ishobora guteza akaga kugira ngo kijugunye ibyo bikoresho byajugunywe, ntabwo byongera amafaranga yo gukora gusa ahubwo binashyira umutwaro wongeyeho ku bidukikije.

Uburyo bumwe-bwo gukoresha imashini gakondo ya scintillation ishyira igitutu kubidukikije n'umutungo muburyo bwinshi. Kubwibyo, gushakisha ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa nibyingenzi mukugabanya imyanda ya laboratoire, kugabanya imikoreshereze yumutungo no kuzamura iterambere rirambye.

Gushakisha Amashanyarazi Yongeye gukoreshwa

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyanda ya laboratoire, kunoza imikoreshereze y’umutungo, no kugabanya amafaranga yo gukora, umuryango w’ubumenyi urimo gushakisha byimazeyo uburyo bwo gukoresha scintillation ikoreshwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku guhanga ibintu, tekiniki yo gusukura no kuboneza urubyaro, hamwe na laboratoire nziza.

1. Guhanga udushya

Gukoresha ibi bikoresho biramba nurufunguzo rwo kongera gukoresha vincile.

• Ibirahure biramba cyangwa plastike ikomeye. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryingaruka nyinshi nibikoresho birwanya imiti, nkibirahuri bya borosilike cyangwa plastiki yakozwe, birashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwamacupa yikirahure.
• Ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira gukaraba no kuboneza urubyaro: Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, acide ikomeye na alkalis, hamwe no gusaza kugirango bigume bihamye kumubiri no mumiti nyuma yuburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha. Gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no guhagarika ingufu cyangwa isuku ikomeye ya okiside irashobora kongera gukoreshwa.

2.Isuku rya tekinoroji

Kugirango habeho umutekano wibikoresho byongera gukoreshwa no kwizerwa kwamakuru yubushakashatsi, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bunoze bwo gukora isuku no kuboneza urubyaro.

• Gukoresha sisitemu yo gukora isuku: Laboratoire zirashobora gushiraho ibikoresho byabigenewe byabigenewe byogusukura bifatanije nogusukura ultrasonic, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi yoza amazi cyangwa gusukura imiti ya reagent kugirango ikureho ibisigazwa byintangarugero.
• Isuku yimiti.
• Isuku kumubiri: kurugero ultrasonic, autoclave sterilisation, igabanya imikoreshereze yimiti kandi ikangiza ibidukikije, ibereye ibidukikije bya laboratoire hamwe nibisabwa byanduye cyane.
• Ubushakashatsi ku ikorana buhanga ridafite isuku: kuburugero rwa radio cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ubushakashatsi bwubuhanga bunoze bwo kwanduza (urugero, gusukura plasma, kwangirika kwa fotokatalitike) birashobora kurushaho kunoza umutekano wo kongera gukoresha vial.

3. Gukora laboratoire

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa byonyine ntibihagije kugirango ugere ku ntego zirambye ,, na laboratoire zigomba guhindura uburyo zikoreshwa kugirango harebwe niba bishoboka.

• Emera uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya no gukoresha inzira.
• Menya neza ubudakemwa bwamakuru no gukumira no kwanduza kwanduza: laboratoire zigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango hirindwe ingaruka ziterwa no kwanduza amavatiri ku makuru yubushakashatsi, nko gukoresha kodegisi cyangwa RFID mugukurikirana imiyoborere.
• Isesengura rishoboka ry'ubukungu: Suzuma ishoramari ryambere (urugero, kugura ibikoresho, ibiciro byogusukura) ninyungu zigihe kirekire (urugero, kugabanya ibiciro byamasoko, kugabanya amafaranga yo guta imyanda) ya progaramu ya vial yongeye gukoreshwa kugirango urebe ko ifite imbaraga mubukungu.

Binyuze mu guhanga ibintu, kunoza uburyo bwo gukora isuku no kuboneza urubyaro, hamwe nubuyobozi busanzwe bwa laboratoire, ibisubizo byongeye gukoreshwa byifashishwa mu kugabanya imyanda ya laboratoire, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, no kuzamura laboratoire. Ubu bushakashatsi buzatanga inkunga ikomeye yo kubaka laboratoire zicyatsi mugihe kiri imbere.

Imyitozo Intsinzi

1. Gusesengura inyungu z’ibidukikije n’ubukungu

• Inyungu zidukikije: Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastike imwe hamwe nikirahure, kugabanya laboratoire ya laboratoire. Kugabanya ibiciro byo guta imyanda no kugabanya kwishingikiriza kumyanda hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gutwika. Kugabanya ibisekuruza byangiza (urugero, ibyangiza radio cyangwa imiti yangiza) kandi byongera ibidukikije muri laboratoire.
• Inyungu zubukungu: Nubwo ishoramari ryambere mubikoresho byogusukura hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo kuyobora, ibiciro byo kugura laboratoire birashobora kugabanukaho 40-60% mugihe kirekire. Kugabanya amafaranga yo guta imyanda, cyane cyane kubikorwa byihariye byo gutunganya imyanda ishobora guteza akaga. Kunoza imikorere no kugabanya igihe cyo kugerageza ukoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora laboratoire.
• ISO14001 (Sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije): Laboratwari nyinshi zigenda zubahiriza igipimo cya ISO14001, gishimangira kugabanya imyanda ya laboratoire no gukoresha neza umutungo. Porogaramu yongeye gukoreshwa vial yujuje ibisabwa muriki gice cya sisitemu yo kuyobora.
• GMP (Imyitozo myiza yo gukora) na GLP (Imyitozo myiza ya Laboratoire): Mu nganda zimiti no muri laboratoire zubushakashatsi, kongera gukoresha ibyo kurya byose bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwogusukura no kwemeza. Ibibindi byongera gukoreshwa byujuje ibisabwa byubuyobozi binyuze muburyo bwo gukora isuku no kuboneza urubyaro, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana amakuru.
• Amabwiriza yo gucunga imyanda yigihugu: Ibihugu byinshi byashyizeho amategeko akomeye y’imyanda ya laboratoire, nka RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) muri Amerika hamwe n’amabwiriza y’imyanda (2008/98 / EC) mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ashishikarizwa kugabanya imyanda ishobora guteza akaga, kandi gahunda y’ibikoreshwa byongeye gukoreshwa irahuye n’iki cyerekezo.

Porogaramu yongeye gukoreshwa ya scintillation yamashanyarazi yagize ingaruka nziza mukurengera ibidukikije, kugenzura ibiciro byubukungu, no gukora neza muri laboratoire. Byongeye kandi, inkunga yinganda ninganda zinganda zitanga icyerekezo nuburinzi mugutezimbere ubushakashatsi burambye. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe nogukomeza gutezimbere ikoranabuhanga hamwe na laboratoire nyinshi zifatanije, iyi nzira biteganijwe ko izahinduka ibintu bisanzwe mubikorwa bya laboratoire.

Ibizaza hamwe n'ibibazo

Porogaramu yongeye gukoreshwa ya scintillation vial iteganijwe gukoreshwa cyane nkigitekerezo cya laboratoire irambye. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyari ibibazo bya tekiniki, umuco nubugenzuzi mubikorwa. Icyerekezo kizaza kizibanda ku guhanga udushya, iterambere mu isuku n’ikoranabuhanga ryikora, no kunoza imicungire ya laboratoire n’ibipimo nganda.

1. Icyerekezo cyo kunoza ikoranabuhanga

Kugirango uzamure ibishoboka byongera gukoreshwa, ubushakashatsi hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga bizibanda kubice bikurikira:

• Kuzamura ibikoresho.
• Ikorana buhanga ryogusukura no gusenya: Mugihe kizaza, ibikoresho byo gutwikira nano birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango urukuta rwimbere rwibibindi birusheho kuba hydrophobique cyangwa oleophobic kugirango bigabanye ibisigazwa byanduye. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yubuhanga nko gusukura plasma, kwangirika kwa fotokatike, no gusukura amazi arenze urugero birashobora gukoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gusukura laboratoire.
• Sisitemu yo gukora isuku no gukurikiranaLaboratoire zizaza zishobora gukoresha sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubwenge, nka sisitemu yo gusukura robot, imirongo ikomatanya, kandi igashyiramo kode ya RFID cyangwa QR kugirango harebwe niba buri vial ikoreshwa, isuku, nubugenzuzi bwiza bishobora gukurikiranwa mugihe nyacyo.

2. Umuco wa laboratoire nibibazo byo kwemerwa

Nubwo iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryatumye ibisubizo bya scintillation byongera gukoreshwa bishoboka, impinduka mu muco wa laboratoire no mu ngeso zikoreshwa zikomeje kuba ingorabahizi:

• Kurwanya abakozi ba laboratoire: abakozi ba laboratoire barashobora guhitamo gukoresha ibikoresho bikoreshwa kandi bafite impungenge ko kongera gukoresha ibirahuri byikirahure bishobora kugira ingaruka kubushakashatsi cyangwa kongera akazi. Amahugurwa azaza hamwe nibisanzwe bizakenerwa kugirango tunonosore imyemerere.
• Ibyiringiro byamakuru hamwe nibibazo byanduye: Abakozi ba laboratoire barashobora guhangayikishwa nuko ibikoresho bya scintillation byongeye gukoreshwa bishobora gutera icyitegererezo cyanduye cyangwa bikagira ingaruka ku makuru yukuri. Kubwibyo, gusukura cyane, kuboneza urubyaro, no kwemeza bigomba gushyirwaho kugirango harebwe niba ubuziranenge bugereranywa n’ibikoresho byajugunywe.
• Igiciro no Kugaruka Kubitekerezo Byishoramari: Laboratoire nyinshi zishobora guhangayikishwa nigiciro kinini cyishoramari ryambere, bityo rero zigomba gutanga raporo yubukungu yerekana ibyiza byo kuzigama igihe kirekire kugirango yongere kwemerwa nubuyobozi bwa laboratoire.

3. Kongera kunoza ibipimo ngenderwaho n’umutekano

Kugeza ubu, imiyoborere isanzwe y’ibikoreshwa muri laboratoire ikoreshwa iracyari mu ntangiriro, kandi amabwiriza azaza hamwe n’ibipimo nganda bizatezwa imbere mu cyerekezo gikomeye kandi cyiza:
Gushiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byubushakashatsi bwakoreshwa: Ibipimo mpuzamahanga cyangwa inganda bigomba gutezwa imbere kugirango umutekano wongere ukoreshwe.

• Kwubahiriza laboratoire n'ibisabwa.
• Shishikariza ibyemezo bya laboratoire: Mu bihe biri imbere, guverinoma cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’inganda barashobora gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo bya laboratoire kugira ngo bashishikarize kwemeza ibisubizo birambye by’ibidukikije, harimo kugabanya plastiki imwe rukumbi, kunoza imicungire y’imyanda, no kongera umubare w’ibikoreshwa bikoreshwa.

Umwanzuro

Mu iterambere aho laboratoire irambye ihangayikishijwe cyane, ibisubizo byongeye gukoreshwa scintillation vial byagaragaye ko bishoboka muburyo bwa tekiniki kandi bitanga inyungu zikomeye zibidukikije, ubukungu na laboratoire.

Kuramba muri laboratoire ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo kugabanya imyanda gusa, ahubwo ni no gusuzuma inshingano ninyungu ndende.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ibyuma byifashishwa byongera gukoreshwa biteganijwe ko bizahinduka inzira nyamukuru mu nganda za laboratoire kuko ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere kandi amahame y’inganda aratunganywa. Mugukoresha ingamba zangiza ibidukikije kandi zinoze zo gucunga laboratoire, laboratoire ntizishobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo izanatezimbere imikorere ikora kandi itere ubushakashatsi ninganda mu cyerekezo kirambye.