Intangiriro

Ibibindi bya Scintillation bifata ibimenyetso byurumuri biterwa no gushimishwa nuduce duto twa radiyo dukoresheje ibikoresho bya fluorescent, ihame shingiro ryayo rishingiye ku mikoranire yimirasire ya ionizing nibintu. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, babaye inkingi ya fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ubuvuzi n’ibidukikije bitewe n’ubukangurambaga bukabije kandi bwihariye. Ubusanzwe, bagiye bahagarikwa mu bikoresho bihanitse muri laboratoire kugira ngo basesengure ubuziranenge kandi bwuzuye kuri radiyo.

Ibibindi bya scintillation kare byagarukiraga kubunini bwabyo, bigoye kandi bihenze cyane, kandi byakorwaga cyane muri laboratoire kabuhariwe.Mu myaka yashize, ariko, iterambere rya miniaturizike ya semiconductor, intambwe imaze guterwa mubikoresho bishya bya scintillator, hamwe no guhuza abasomyi bigendanwa byateje imbere imikorere yubushakashatsi no gutwara ibintu.

Amahame ya tekinike yibanze ya Scintillation Vial

1. Uburyo bwibanze bwo gukora

Imikoranire yibikoresho bya fluorescent hamwe nibikoresho bya radio. Iyi mikoranire itera umunezero wa molekile cyangwa atome mubikoresho bya fluorescent hanyuma kurekura fotone mugihe cyo kwishima, bitanga ikimenyetso cyumucyo kigaragara.

Ibikoresho byo gusoma. Ku rundi ruhande, amashanyarazi ya Silicon, ni ubwoko bwa fotodetekeri bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor, rishobora guhindura mu buryo butaziguye ibimenyetso bya optique mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi buke bwa Quant n'urusaku ruke.

2. Ibipimo byingenzi byerekana imikorere

Imikorere yibikoresho bya scintillation bipimwa na metero zimwe zingenzi:

Ibyiyumvo (Imipaka yo Kumenya): Sensitivite nigikorwa cyo hasi cyane gishobora kugaragazwa na vint ya scintillation. Iyo sensibilité irenze, niko igabanuka ryibikoresho bya radio bishobora kugaragara muburayi. Sensitivite yibasiwe nubushobozi bwa luminescence yibikoresho bya fluorescent, kwantumumikorere ya Photodetector nurwego rwurusaku rwa sisitemu.

Gukemura ingufu: Gukemura ingufu nubushobozi bwibikoresho bya scintillation gutandukanya ibice bya radioaktike yingufu zitandukanye. Iyo imyanzuro ihanitse, niko ibice bya radioaktike yingufu zinyuranye bishobora kumenyekana no gutandukanywa. Gukemura ingufu biterwa ahanini na luminescent yibikoresho bya fluorescente, imikorere ya fotodetector, hamwe nubwiza bwumuzunguruko utunganya ibimenyetso.

Igihagararo: Guhagarara bivuga ubushobozi bwibikoresho bya scintillation kugirango bikomeze imikorere ihamye mugihe kirekire. Inzabya zihamye zirashobora kugumana ibisubizo bihamye mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije. Ihungabana ryibasiwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti yibikoresho bya fluorescent, ibiranga gusaza biranga fotodetekeri, nibidukikije (urugero, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe).

Guhuza Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bya Scintillation bigomba guhuzwa nubwoko butandukanye bwintangarugero, harimo urugero rwamazi, rukomeye na gaze. Guhuza ibikoresho biterwa nibikoresho byibikoresho bya scintillation (urugero ibirahuri cyangwa plastike) kimwe na chimie yibikoresho bya fluorescent. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'icyitegererezo bushobora gusaba ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye no guhitamo ibintu.

Ihame shingiro rya tekiniki ryibikoresho bya scintillation rishingiye ku mikoreshereze y’ibikoresho bya fluorescent hamwe n’ibintu bikoresha radiyo, bipimwa no guhindura ibimenyetso bya optique mu bimenyetso by’amashanyarazi binyuze mu miyoboro ya Photomultiplier tube Shanghai silicon Photodetectors. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byingenzi birimo sensibilité, gukemura ingufu, gutuza no guhuza ibintu, bigahuriza hamwe ubushobozi bwo gutahura hamwe nibisabwa bya vintine.

Porogaramu zinyuranye kuva muri Laboratoire kugeza Kugenzura Ibidukikije

Ibikoresho bya Scintillation, nkigikoresho cyiza cyane cyo kumenya radioactivivite, gikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye, uhereye kubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa laboratoire kugeza kugenzura ibidukikije, kugeza mubikorwa byinganda n’umutekano, ndetse bikagera no mubice byambukiranya imipaka.

1. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa laboratoire

Isesengura rya Nuclide: Byakoreshejwe mukugena ingano ya alfa, beta na gamma ray isotopes nka tritium (H-3) na karubone-14 (C-14). Ikoreshwa mugupima neza ibikorwa bya radioisotopi mubice nka fiziki ya kirimbuzi no gukundana na geologiya.

Ubushakashatsi bwibiyobyabwenge: Gukurikirana inzira ya metabolike no gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge mu binyabuzima binyuze mu bikoresho bya radiyo (urugero, ibiyobyabwenge C-14 byanditseho). Ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa farumasi nuburozi kugirango isuzume iyinjizwa, ikwirakwizwa, metabolisme nogusohora (ADME) yibiyobyabwenge.

Kwipimisha umutekano: gusuzuma byihuse ibyangiza radio byangiza ibiryo; ikoreshwa mu kurinda umutekano w’ibiribwa nyuma y’impanuka za kirimbuzi cyangwa ahantu hanini cyane.

2. Agace gakurikirana ibidukikije

Gukurikirana imibiri y'amazi: Kumenya radionuclide mumazi yo kunywa n’amazi mabi y’inganda akoreshwa mu gusuzuma urugero rw’imyanda y’amazi no kureba niba ubwiza bw’amazi bwujuje ubuziranenge bw’umutekano.

Ubutaka n'ikirere: Gukurikirana ikwirakwizwa rya radiyoyakura nyuma yimpanuka ya kirimbuzi, kugenzura ubukana bwa radionuclide mu butaka no mu kirere, no gusuzuma uko ibidukikije byifashe.

Ingero z'ibinyabuzima: Gisesengura ikusanyirizo ryibyuma biremereye cyangwa ibintu bya radio bikora mubice byinyamanswa ninyamaswa. Ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwibidukikije kugirango isuzume ingaruka ziterwa na radio yibidukikije.

3. Gusaba inganda n’umutekano

Ikizamini kidasenya: kugenzura isohoka ry'ibikoresho bikoresha radiyo mu bikoresho by'inganda. Ikoreshwa mu mashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi, peteroli, nibindi, mugusuzuma umutekano wibikoresho nubusugire.

Kurinda imirase: ikoreshwa nka mugenzi wa dosimetero kugiti cyawe kugirango ikurikirane igipimo cyimirasire yakiriwe nabakozi. Mubikoresho bya kirimbuzi, ishami rya radiologiya yibitaro nahandi hantu kugirango umutekano wumuriro.

Ibisubizo byihutirwa: kugirango hasuzumwe byihuse urwego rwimirasire mugihe habaye impanuka ya kirimbuzi cyangwa ibikoresho bya radiyo yamenetse. Ikoreshwa mugukurikirana imirasire no gufata ibyemezo byihutirwa ahabereye ibiza.

4. Ibice bivuka byambukiranya

Ibinyabuzima: Kwemeza Radiolabeling kwemeza imiti ivura kanseri kugirango harebwe ibiyobyabwenge nibikora neza. Mubuvuzi bwa radioisotope, gukurikirana ikwirakwizwa ryibiyobyabwenge na metabolism.

Nanomaterial: kwiga ingaruka zifatika za nanoparticles mugutahura radioactivite kugirango tunonosore ibyiyumvo no gukora neza. Tegura ibikoresho bishya bya nano-scintillator kugirango tumenye neza radioactivite.

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere: kubwo kumenya imirasire yisi no kwiga ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire yumwanya mubyogajuru hamwe nabanyenyeri. Suzuma imikorere yicyogajuru gikingira ibikoresho byo kurinda icyogajuru kugirango umenye umutekano wubutumwa bwikirere.

Porogaramu zitandukanye zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya scintillation bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi uhereye kubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa laboratoire kugeza kugenzura ibidukikije, gukoresha inganda n’umutekano, hamwe n’ahantu hagaragara. Ubukangurambaga bwabo buhanitse, busobanutse kandi buhuza bituma baba igikoresho cyingenzi cyo kumenya radioactivivite, bigira uruhare rudasubirwaho mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano w’inganda no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rigenda rigaragara.

Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ritwara imikorere myinshi

Ibikoresho byinshi bya scintillation ntibishobora gutegurwa no gutezwa imbere hatabayeho guteza imbere udushya twikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane mubumenyi bwibikoresho, kuzamura ubwenge no kugena ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe no gutera inkunga amabwiriza.

1. Ibikoresho bya siyansi

Ibikoresho bishya bya scintillator.

2. Kuzamura ubwenge

Ubuhanga bwubwenge algorithms kugirango ifashe mu gusesengura amakuru: imashini yiga imashini ikoreshwa kugirango ihite imenya ubwoko bwa nuclide, kunoza neza no gukora neza isesengura ryamakuru. Hindura uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso ukoresheje uburyo bwimbitse bwo kwiga kugirango ugabanye urusaku, urusheho kumenya neza, kandi ugere ku isesengura ryihuse no kugereranya urugero rwinshi rwa nuclide.

Igicu hamwe na tekinoroji ya IoT: kubaka urubuga-nyarwo rwo gusangira amakuru kugirango umenye imiyoboro ikurikirana ya radio. Shyigikira ibikorwa binini byo gukurikirana ibidukikije no gutabara byihutirwa ukoresheje kurebera hamwe no gusesengura amakuru, kandi utange ibikoresho byo kureba amashusho kugirango ufashe abafata ibyemezo kumva vuba ikwirakwizwa ryimirasire nibigenda.

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Guhanga udushya ni imbaraga zingenzi zitera inyuma yimikorere myinshi ya scintillation. Iterambere mubumenyi bwibikoresho nibikoresho bishya bya scintillator byateje imbere imikorere yo gutahura; kuzamura ubwenge byakoze isesengura ryamakuru neza kandi neza. Ibi bishya ntabwo byagura gusa uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya scintillation, ahubwo binateza imbere iterambere rusange muri tekinoroji yo gutahura radiyo, bitanga inkunga ikomeye mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kurengera ibidukikije n’umutekano wa kirimbuzi.

Ibibazo n'ibisubizo

Ibikoresho bya Scintillation bihura nibibazo byinshi mugukoresha cyane, harimo ibibazo byigiciro, ibikorwa bigoye, hamwe nicyitegererezo. Mu gusubiza ibyo bibazo, inganda zatanze ibisubizo bitandukanye kugirango biteze imbere no kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga.

1. Ibibazo biriho

Ikirere kininit: Igiciro kinini cya R&D kubikoresho bito n'ibikoresho bikora neza bigabanya ikwirakwizwa rinini. Ibikoresho byipimisha byoroshye cyane birahenze kandi biragoye kubishyira mubice bigarukira kumikoro cyangwa laboratoire ntoya nini nini.

Ibikorwa bigoye: Ibikoresho byerekana radiologiya mubisanzwe bisaba abakozi kabuhariwe gukora no kubungabunga, byongera urwego rwo gukoresha. Gukora icyitegererezo cyoroshye hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru ashyira tekinike ihanitse kubakozi badasanzwe.

Icyitegererezo mbere yo kuvura: Ingero zimwe (urugero, ubutaka, ibinyabuzima byumubiri) bisaba kubanza kuvurwa neza kandi bigoye (urugero, gusesa, kuyungurura, kwibanda), byongera igihe cyo kugerageza nigiciro. Intambwe yo kwitegura irashobora kwerekana amakosa ashobora kugira ingaruka kubisubizo by'ibizamini.

2. Ingamba zo gusubiza

Miniaturisation hamwe niterambere ridahenze rya sensor. Shakisha ibikoresho bishya bya scintillator bihenze kandi bifotora kugirango usimbuze ibintu gakondo bihenze. Shushanya ibikoresho byo gupima muburyo bwa modular kugirango byoroherezwe kubungabunga no kuzamura, no kugabanya amafaranga yo gukoresha igihe kirekire.

Umukoresha-wifashishije interineti igishushanyo mbonera kandi cyikora neza: Teza imbere intangiriro yimikoreshereze itanga ubuyobozi bukora nibitekerezo-nyabyo kugirango ugabanye koroshya imikoreshereze. Kwinjiza ibikorwa byikitegererezo byikora hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru bigabanya ibikorwa byintoki kandi bizamura imikorere yikizamini. Koresha ubuhanga bwubwenge bwubuhanga kugirango utange inama zakazi no gukemura ibibazo kugirango ufashe abatari abahanga gutangira vuba.

Guhuriza hamwe udushya muburyo bwambere bwo gutunganya: iterambere ryibisubizo bidasaba kubanza gutunganya (urugero, gupima mu buryo butaziguye ingero zikomeye cyangwa gaze), koroshya inzira yimikorere. Kwinjiza intangarugero mbere yo kuvura mubikoresho byo gutahura kugirango tumenye neza. Gutezimbere uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura (urugero: microwave digestion, ultrasonic extraction) kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo kwitegura.

Nubwo amavatiri ya scintillation ahura ningorabahizi mubisabwa nkigiciro, imikorere igoye hamwe nicyitegererezo mbere yo kuvurwa, ibyo bibazo bigenda bikemurwa buhoro buhoro binyuze muri miniaturizasiya no gutezimbere ibiciro bidahenze, gukoresha inshuti-bashiki bawe bashushanya, hamwe nudushya twinjizwamo muburyo bwambere bwo kuvura. Izi ngamba zo guhangana nazo ntabwo zigabanya gusa urwego rwikoranabuhanga, ahubwo runatezimbere imikorere no kumenya neza. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe nibindi bigenda bitera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, ibibindi bya scintillation bizagira uruhare runini mubice byiza.

Ibizaza

Ibikoresho bya Scintillation, nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyo kumenya radioactivite, bizana amahirwe mashya yiterambere mubijyanye no guhanga ikoranabuhanga hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukoresha mugihe kizaza.

1. Inzira zikoranabuhanga

Kugaragaza byinshi. Kwagura urutonde rwibisabwa hifashishijwe tekinoroji yo gutahura uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije, umutekano w’ibiribwa hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bivura.

2. Ubushobozi bwo gusaba

Ikurikiranwa ry’ibarafu mu rwego rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi: kwiga ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku gushonga kwa glacier no gutwara ibintu byangiza mu kumenya radionuclide mu bibarafu bya polar. Hifashishijwe imibare yerekana imishwarara ya radionuclide, hazasuzumwa ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ku binyabuzima by’ibinyabuzima, bizatanga ishingiro ry’ubumenyi muri politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije.

Ubukungu buzenguruka bushyigikira iterambere rirambye ryingufu za kirimbuzi. Kugenzura igihe nyacyo cyo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ibintu bya radiyoyoka mu gihe cya peteroli ya kirimbuzi bitanga umutekano no gukomeza gukoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ibibindi bya scintillation bizarushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gutahura no gukoresha urugero, bigendana nikoranabuhanga nka multimodal detection. Hagati aho, mu bijyanye n’ubushobozi bushobora gukoreshwa nko gukurikirana ibibarafu bya polarisi no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ingufu za kirimbuzi, ibikoresho bya scintillation bizatanga inkunga ikomeye mu bushakashatsi bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ndetse n’ubukungu buzenguruka bw’ingufu za kirimbuzi. Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga, inkono ya scintillation izagira uruhare runini mubice byinshi kandi itange umusanzu munini mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi no kurengera ibidukikije.

Umwanzuro

Ibikoresho bya scintillation, nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gupima radiografiya, cyagiye gihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva cyatangira kwicisha bugufi nkigikoresho kimwe cya laboratoire kijya mubice byingenzi byibikoresho mubice byinshi.

Iterambere ryibikoresho bya scintillation byerekana imbaraga zo guhanga udushya mu buhanga n’ubufatanye butandukanye, kandi guhindura kuva mu gikoresho kimwe cya laboratoire kugera ku bikoresho by’ibanze mu bice byinshi byerekana agaciro kacyo mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi no mu bikorwa bifatika. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga no gukomeza kwagura ibikorwa, ibikoresho bya scintillation bizagira uruhare runini mu mutekano wa kirimbuzi ku isi, imiyoborere y’ibidukikije ndetse n’iterambere rirambye.