Intangiriro

Mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugezweho no gusesengura ubushakashatsi, icyumba cyo gukusanya ni intambwe yambere yo kwemeza ko amakuru yizewe. Kandi muriki gikorwa, icyegeranyo cyo gukusanya icyitegererezo, nkibintu byingenzi bitwara icyitegererezo cyo kubika no gutwara abantu, guhitamo no gukoresha bifitanye isano itaziguye n’ubunyangamugayo n’umutekano by’icyitegererezo hamwe n’isesengura ryakurikiyeho.

Icyitegererezo cyo gukusanya ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibibindi bitandukanijwe neza mubijyanye nibikoresho, imiterere, inyongeramusaruro no gufunga ingero zitandukanye zifite imiterere itandukanye ya fiziki ya chimique, ibikenewe byisesengura nuburyo bwo kubika.

Ibyiciro by'ibanze by'icyitegererezo cyo gukusanya

Ubwoko butandukanye bw'icyitegererezo bufite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubikusanyirizo by'icyitegererezo mugihe cyo gukusanya no kubika.Niyo mpamvu rero, gusobanukirwa ibyiciro by'ibanze by'ibikoresho byo gukusanya bizafasha abagerageza guhitamo neza bakurikije ibikenewe. Muri rusange, imiyoboro yicyitegererezo irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro mubikoresho, uburyo bwo gufunga hamwe nubunini nka solvent na morphologie.

1. Gutondekanya kubintu: ikirahure na plastiki

• Ikirahure Icyitegererezo. Cyane cyane mubisesenguye neza cyangwa gukusanya ibintu byoroshye byamamajwe, ibirahuri byibirahure birashobora kwirinda neza kwangirika cyangwa kwanduzwa.
• Icyitegererezo cyo gukusanya plastiki. Bimwe mubikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru rwa plastike nabyo birwanya urwego runaka rwangirika.

2. Gutondekanya muburyo bwo gufunga: screw, bayonet, ubwoko bwa gland

• Ubwoko: ubwoko busanzwe, bworoshye gufungura no gufunga, bikwiranye na laboratoire rusange ikenewe. Imiyoboro ya port-port isanzwe ihujwe na gaseke ya PTFE / silicone kugirango habeho gufunga no guhuza imiti.
• Ubwoko bwa Bayonet: Gufunga byihuse gufotora, bikwiranye nigikorwa cyihuse cyangwa ibihe bisaba gufungura kenshi, ahanini bikoreshwa muma platform yikora cyangwa inzira zimwe zipimishije.
• Ubwoko bwa gland: Gifunzwe nicyuma na gland, ikirere cyinshi, gikoreshwa cyane muri gazi chromatografiya nubundi bushakashatsi busaba kugenzura ihindagurika ryinshi. Birakwiye kubikwa igihe kirekire no gutwara, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mugupima icyitegererezo cyibidukikije.

3. Gutondekanya kubijyanye nubunini nuburyo: bisanzwe, miniature, conical hepfo, nibindi.

• Inzabya zisanzwe: ingano rusange ni 1.5 ml, ml 2 na ml 5, zikwiranye no gukusanya no gusesengura ibyitegererezo byinshi byamazi. Imiterere ahanini ni silindrike, byoroshye gufatwa nibikoresho byikora.
• Amashanyarazi: hamwe nubunini bwa 0.2ml-0.5ml, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa kubito bito byintangarugero cyangwa byinshi byinjira mubushakashatsi. Birakwiye kuri sisitemu yo gutoranya.
• Amabati: Hasi yikibindi cyashizweho muburyo bwa cone, ikaba yorohewe no kwibanda ku cyitegererezo, gukora centrifugal no kwifuza kutagira ibisigisigi, bikunze gukoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwo gukuramo protein / nucleic aside.
• Fata hepfo / kuzenguruka hasi.

Gushyira mubikorwa bya Biologiya (urugero rwamaraso nkurugero)

Nka bumwe mu buryo bukunze kuboneka kandi bwibanze bwibinyabuzima, amaraso akoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye, harimo gusuzuma amavuriro, gupima genetike, nubushakashatsi bwa proteomics. Bitewe nibigize bigoye hamwe nibikorwa bikomeye byibinyabuzima, ibisabwa kubikusanyirizo birakomeye cyane. Icyitegererezo cyo gukusanya ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mubikorwa bitandukanye biratandukanye mubijyanye ninyongeramusaruro, ibikoresho nigishushanyo mbonera, bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ubwiza bwicyitegererezo hamwe nukuri kwisesengura ryakurikiyeho.

1. Ibidukikije n'intego yo gukoresha

• Kwipimisha kwa muganga: kumaraso asanzwe, ibinyabuzima, electrolytite, gupima urwego rwa hormone, nibindi, bigomba kwihuta, gukora neza, kwirinda hemolysis no kwanduza.
• Ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima: nka RNA-seq, genome zose zikurikirana (WGS), qPCR, nibindi, bisaba ibisabwa cyane kugirango uburinganire bwa acide nucleique hamwe nuburyo bwo kubungabunga icyitegererezo.
• Isesengura rya poroteyine na metabolomics: uhangayikishijwe no guhagarika ibikorwa bya protease, guhuza solvent, gutuza nyuma yo gukonjeshwa inshuro nyinshi.

2. Icyitegererezo rusange cyo gukusanya ibikoresho byubwoko

• Harimo inzabya zirwanya anticoagulant: Imiyoboro ya EDTA ikoreshwa cyane mugupima hematologiya no gukuramo aside nucleic, ishobora kubuza neza inzira ya coagulation no kurinda morphologie selile; Imiyoboro ya Heparin ikwiranye no gusesengura plasma, ikwiriye kwipimisha imiti imwe n'imwe (urugero, gusesengura gazi y'amaraso), ariko ikabangamira reaction zimwe na zimwe za PCR; na Sodium citrate tubes ikoreshwa cyane mugupima imikorere ya coagulation.
• Amashanyarazi adafite inyongera yuzuye yo gukusanya amaraso.
• Inzabya zihariye zo kubika: bikozwe mubikoresho bikomeye bya PP, bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije (-80 ℃ kugeza ibidukikije bya azote). Bikunze gukoreshwa mugihe kinini cyo kubika plasma, serumu, ibice bigize selile, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mumabanki yintangarugero yibinyabuzima hamwe nubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire.

3. Caveat

• Ingaruka yibikoresho kuri sample stabilite: Ibibindi bya plastiki birashobora kwamamaza poroteyine cyangwa acide nucleic, bisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bike bya adsorption cyangwa kuvura hejuru. Ibirahuri by'ibirahure birahamye ariko ntibikwiriye mubihe byose bikonje Abatekinisiye ba Laboratwari bakeneye gufata icyemezo bashingiye kumiterere yicyitegererezo hamwe nibikenewe mubushakashatsi.
• Akamaro ka label na sisitemu yo gukurikirana: Mugihe cyigeragezwa, ingero zirayobewe byoroshye kubera kuranga, amakuru atuzuye nibindi bibazo, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubwizerwa bwamakuru. Birasabwa gukoresha ibirango byanditseho lazeri, ububiko bwakonjeshejwe buramba cyangwa sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibikoresho bya elegitoronike (nka RFID, barcode) kubikorwa byose byo gucunga icyitegererezo.

Kubungabunga no gufata neza amaraso bigira uruhare rukomeye mubisubizo byubushakashatsi, kandi ibikoresho byabigenewe byo gukusanya ntibishobora gusa kubungabunga ibikorwa byintangarugero nubunyangamugayo, ahubwo nibisabwa mubushakashatsi bufite ireme. Hamwe niterambere ryubuvuzi bwuzuye hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse bwo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa, icyifuzo cyibikoresho byo gukusanya ibinyabuzima bigenda byiyongera kandi binonosorwa.

Isesengura ryimiti hamwe na Laboratoire

Muri chimie yisesengura, kuvumbura ibiyobyabwenge, gupima umutekano wibiribwa nindi mirimo ya laboratoire, ibikoresho byo gukusanya icyitegererezo ntabwo ari ibikoresho byabitswe gusa, ahubwo nibice byinshi bihuza ibikorwa byisesengura hamwe nigikoresho. Cyane cyane mumazi ya chromatografiya, gazi chromatografiya hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gupima neza, guhitamo ibibindi bifitanye isano itaziguye nimyororokere nukuri kwisesengura nigikorwa gihamye cyibikoresho.

1

• HPLC. Mubisanzwe ml 2 ya screw-top ibirahuri hamwe na capitike ya gaz ya PTFE / silicone, irwanya imiti kama kandi ikomeza kashe ikomeye. Kubyitegererezo bifotora, amacupa yumukara arahari.
• Ibikoresho bya GC. hiyongereyeho, kugirango wirinde gutakaza ibice bihindagurika, gasketi yabanje gukubitwa ikoreshwa mugushiraho kashe ya aluminium.
• Porogaramu hamwe na sample ntoya.

2. Autosampling sisitemu ingano nibisabwa guhuza

Laboratoire zigezweho zikunze gukoresha autosampler kugirango zongere imikorere yo gutahura no guhuzagurika, kandi amahame amwe arasabwa kubisobanuro byihariye.

• Ibisobanuro rusange: 2ml isanzwe ya kalibiri (OD 12mm * Uburebure bwa 32mm) niyo moderi nyamukuru yo kuzenguruka, ihuza cyane na sisitemu yo kwimenyekanisha.
• Ibisabwa bigaragara: umunwa w'icupa ugomba kuba uringaniye, umubiri w'icupa ugomba kwihanganira ubukana bwa mashini, kugirango amaboko ya mashini afatanye neza.
• Guhuza n'imihanda yihariye: Ibirango bimwe na bimwe bya sisitemu bisaba imiterere yo hepfo (hasi iringaniye, izengurutse hepfo, cyangwa hamwe na grooves) kugirango ihuze na tray tray.

3. Ibikoresho byihariye nigishushanyo mbonera

Kugirango twemeze neza isesengura ryukuri ryikitegererezo, laboratoire ikoresha ibikoresho byabugenewe:

• Shiramo ikirahuri cya borosilike: Nibikoresho byatoranijwe kuri HPLC / GC kubera kurwanya imiti myinshi hamwe nisuku, birinda reaction cyangwa adsorption hamwe nibice bya sisitemu.
• Ikariso ya PTFE.
• Icupa ryo kuvura Silanisation: ubuso buvurwa nigifuniko kidasanzwe kugirango ugabanye adsorption ya molekile ya polar, ikunze gukoreshwa mubisesengura.

Muguhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye, ubwubatsi nibisobanuro, vial mu isesengura ryimiti ntabwo itezimbere gusa uburyo bwo gutahura no guhuza ibikoresho, ahubwo binagira uruhare muburyo buhoraho kandi bwizewe bwamakuru yintangarugero. Cyane cyane mubisesengura ryikurikiranabikorwa hamwe nuburyo bwikora, iboneza rya sisitemu ya vial yabaye kimwe mubintu byingenzi byemeza ubwiza bwikizamini.

Guhitamo Viali Mubidukikije Icyitegererezo

Icyegeranyo cyibidukikije gikubiyemo ibitangazamakuru byinshi, nkamazi, ubutaka, nikirere, kandi ibyitegererezo bifite ibice bigoye kandi birashobora kuba mubihe bikabije (urugero, byangirika cyane, bihindagurika cyane, ibyanduza, nibindi). Kugirango tumenye neza amakuru yakusanyirijwe hamwe no kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibibindi bikwiye byo gukusanya icyitegererezo.

1. Gusaba ibintu

• Ingero zamazi: Amazi yo hejuru ya Baokou, amazi yubutaka, amazi mabi yinganda, nibindi, bikoreshwa mugutahura ibyuma biremereye, imyanda ihumanya. Umunyu wintungamubiri, nibindi.
• Ubutaka: icyitegererezo cyamazi yabonetse mugukuramo imiti, irimo ibisigazwa byica udukoko, ibyuma biremereye cyangwa ibinyabuzima.
• Ikusanyirizo ryo mu kirere: uduce duto duto twakoreshejwe mu gukuramo akayunguruzo cyangwa ibibyimba bikurura amazi.

2. Ibisabwa byingenzi kugirango ubone icyitegererezo

• Ikidodo gikomeye: Irinde icyitegererezo cyo guhindagurika, kumeneka cyangwa kwinjiza amazi mugihe cyo gutwara cyangwa kubika, cyane cyane mugushakisha VOC.
• Kurwanya ruswa: ibyitegererezo birashobora kuba birimo aside ikomeye, alkalis cyangwa ibishishwa kama, bisaba gukoresha ikirahure kinini cya borosilike cyangwa amacupa akozwe muri plastiki idasanzwe.
• Igishushanyo mbonera: Urukuta rwimbere rwikariso rukeneye kwirinda kwanduza ibyanduye cyangwa kubyitwaramo byintangarugero, kandi isesengura rimwe risaba gukoresha amacupa yahinduwe cyangwa yarogejwe mbere.
• Kubahiriza amabwiriza y'icyitegererezo: Ubwoko bwose bwa gahunda yo gukurikirana ibidukikije ubusanzwe bugengwa nubuziranenge bwigihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga, nka EPA yo muri Amerika, Ubushinwa bwita ku bidukikije bw’ibidukikije ku mazi yo hejuru, n’ibindi, kandi hagomba gutoranywa inzabya kugira ngo zuzuze ibisabwa.

Ibibindi byatoranijwe bidakwiye birashobora gutera ibibazo nko gutesha agaciro ibintu bigamije, kwinjiza imyanda ihumanya, hamwe n’ibice bibogamye, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo by’ibizamini cyangwa biganisha ku guta amakuru. Kubwibyo, gutoranya siyanse kandi yumvikana yintoki zicyitegererezo mugukurikirana ibidukikije ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa nubwiza bwisesengura, ahubwo bifitanye isano no kubahiriza no gufata ibyemezo bya siyansi.

Vial Selection Guide: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ukurikije Ubwoko bw'icyitegererezo hamwe n'ibikenewe byo gusesengura

Guhura nubwoko butandukanye bwikusanyamakuru, uburyo bwo guhitamo neza kandi bwa siyansi mubikorwa bifatika nikibazo gisanzwe kubashakashatsi.

1.Icyitegererezo cyerekana guhitamo imiterere yibikoresho byambere

• Ibyiza by'icyitegererezo ubwacyo: Niba icyitegererezo gihindagurika cyane, icupa ryikirahure hamwe nigitambaro cyiza cyo gufunga hamwe na gaze ya PTFE ihitamo kugabanya igihombo cyibigize. Imbere y'icyitegererezo gikomeye cyangirika, ugomba gukoresha amacupa y'ibirahuri ya borosilike irwanya imiti, cyangwa ugakoresha polyethylene yuzuye cyane, plastike ya fluor nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe bizwi nk'icupa. Byongeye kandi, kubinyabuzima bikora byintangarugero bikungahaye kuri acide nucleic, proteyine cyangwa mikorobe, nta enzyme, imiti ivura aseptique igomba gukoreshwa, kandi adsorption nkeya cyangwa ibikoresho bya inert birahitamo kwirinda kwangirika kwicyitegererezo cyangwa adorption idasanzwe.
• Ubwoko no guhuza ibikoresho byisesengura: Sisitemu ya autosampling yakoreshejwe, igomba kumenya neza ko ingano ya vial yakoreshejwe, ukuri kumunwa wamacupa, ubunini bwa gaze, nibindi bihuye nibisobanuro bisanzwe byakozwe nuwakoze ibikoresho. Mubisanzwe, icupa risanzwe rya ml 2 icupa ryikirahuri rikoreshwa kugirango harebwe ko urushinge rwatewe inshinge kandi rwirinda guhagarika urushinge cyangwa kumeneka. Kubiganza byintoki cyangwa gutanga, ubwoko bworoshye bwa vial burahitamo.
• Icyitegererezo cyo kubika: Imiterere yo kubika icyitegererezo igira ingaruka itaziguye guhitamo ibikoresho no gufunga imiterere ya vial. Ibirahuri byinshi cyangwa polypropilene birahagije kuburugero rusanzwe rukonjeshwa mugihe gito. Niba ingero zigomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe buke (-20 ℃ cyangwa -80 ℃), hagomba gukoreshwa imiyoboro idasanzwe yo gukonjesha, ikozwe na PP irwanya ubushyuhe buke kandi ifite ibikoresho byo kurwanya O-ring. Niba ibyitegererezo bibitswe muri azote yuzuye mugihe kirekire, hagomba gukoreshwa ibishishwa bidasanzwe bya azote yo mu rwego rwa azote, kandi imipira yimbere yimbere cyangwa ingofero kugirango ishimangire kashe igomba gukoreshwa kugirango hirindwe ubukonje no guturika. Mubyongeyeho, kubikoresho bifotora, ibibara byijimye cyangwa bitagaragara nabyo bigomba gukoreshwa cyangwa ibikoresho byabitswe bitarimo urumuri.
• Impirimbanyi yikiguzi nubunini bwikigereranyo: Kubushakashatsi bwimbitse cyangwa laboratoire yigisha, ibikoresho bya pulasitike bihendutse birashobora guhitamo kugabanya ibiciro byo gukoresha. Kubisesengura neza cyangwa gukoresha agaciro-ntangarugero ntangarugero, intumbero igomba kuba kumasuku yamacupa, kutagira ibikoresho, hamwe no gukora kashe, ibyo bikaba bishobora gufasha kumenya neza amakuru ndetse no ku giciro gito. Byongeye kandi, mugihe wubaka amasomero yintangarugero cyangwa gucunga imishinga yigihe kirekire, ni ngombwa gushyira imbere ibibindi byo murwego rwohejuru byanditseho kodegisi, birinda firigo, kandi birwanya umwanda hagamijwe kunoza uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gucunga neza amakuru.

Ufatiye hamwe, icyitegererezo cya vial, nubwo ari gito, ni ihuriro ryingenzi hagati yubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo, icyitegererezo cyiza nibisubizo byisesengura. Binyuze mu buryo bunononsoye bwibiranga icyitegererezo, ibikoresho byubushakashatsi, uburyo bwo kubika nubunini bwingengo yimari, isoko yubushyuhe bwikigereranyo irashobora guhitamo muburyo bwa siyanse guhitamo icyitegererezo gikusanyirijwe hamwe, bigashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye mubikorwa byose byubushakashatsi.

Ibizaza hamwe nubuyobozi bushya

Hamwe niterambere ryubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwikora hamwe nigitekerezo cyikigereranyo cyicyatsi, ibikoresho byo gukusanya icyitegererezo bigenda bihinduka muburyo bwo gukomeza gusetsa no kurengera ibidukikije.

Ku ruhande rumwe, laboratoire zinjira cyane zongerewe ibisabwa kugirango icyitegererezo cyo gutunganya umuvuduko n'ubucucike, bituma inkongoro zigenda zigenda zerekeza kuri miniaturizasiya na modularisation. Ibicuruzwa bito bito bigenda byiyongera, kandi iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe na sisitemu zikoresha, ntibizigama umwanya na reagent gusa, ahubwo binongera imikorere ikora, bihuza nubushakashatsi bugezweho busaba umuvuduko nukuri.

Kurundi ruhande, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije nabyo byabaye intandaro yinganda. Kugirango ugabanye umutwaro wibidukikije uterwa na plastiki zishobora gutwarwa, vial nyinshi ninshi zirimo gufata ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika cyangwa bishingiye kuri bio. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwo gupakira no kubyaza umusaruro bikunda koroshya no kuba icyatsi, bijyanye nuburyo bwo kubaka laboratoire irambye.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ibibindi ntibizakoreshwa gusa, ahubwo bizaba igice cyingenzi cyiterambere ryubwenge kandi rirambye rya laboratoire.