Intangiriro

Ibibindi bya serumu bikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byingenzi byo kubungabunga, gutwara no gutanga ibintu bikomeye nka serumu, inkingo, imiti y’ibinyabuzima, nibindi, mubice bitandukanye nka farumasi, ubuvuzi nubushakashatsi.Haba mugutezimbere ibiyobyabwenge bishya, kuvura kwa muganga, cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa siyansi, veri ya serumu igira uruhare rudasubirwaho, kandi mubikoresho byabo mubisanzwe birimo ibirahuri cyangwa polymer bifite kashe nziza kandi bihamye.

Mugihe icyifuzo cyo gusaba kigenda cyiyongera, guhitamo hagati yinzabya imwe-imwe hamwe n’ibikoreshwa byongeye gukoreshwa byabaye impaka zimaze igihe kinini mu nganda. Imashini imwe ikoreshwa itanga ibyoroshye, isuku hamwe ningaruka nke zo kwanduza, mugihe ibibindi byongera gukoreshwa birushaho gukoresha umutungo kandi ntibiremereye ibidukikije.

Ikwirakwizwa ry’imyanda yo kwa muganga ntirizana umuvuduko ukabije w’ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo inongera imikoreshereze y’umutungo n’ibyuka bihumanya. Nigute ushobora kugabanya ibidukikije no kumenya uko inyungu zunguka zo kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi na siyansi byabaye ikibazo kidashoboka muri sosiyete igezweho.

Imiterere n'ingaruka za Serumu zikoreshwa

Imiyoboro ya serumu ikoreshwa cyane ikoreshwa muri farumasi igezweho, ubuvuzi na keyanu. Ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi mubisanzwe ni polyethylene, polypropilene nibindi plastiki cyangwa ikirahuri kidasanzwe, birashobora gutuma umubiri uhinduka neza hamwe na chimique hamwe na biocompatibilité.

1. Ibyiza

• Kutabyara cyane no kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza umusaraba. Yajugunywe nyuma yo kuyikoresha, irinda ikibazo cyo kwanduza umusaraba bitewe no kutumvikana neza cyangwa kuboneza urubyaro bidasanzwe, bikwiranye nibisabwa hamwe nibisabwa cyane kubisuku byicyitegererezo hamwe na biosafeti.
• Biroroshye gukoresha, kuzigama ibiciro byogusukura no kuboneza urubyaro: Ugereranije n’ibikoreshwa byongeye gukoreshwa, viza ya serumu ikoreshwa ikuraho ibikenewe byo gukora isuku itoroshye, kuboneza urubyaro no kugenzura ubuziranenge, ibyo bikaba bitezimbere cyane imikorere ya laboratoire n’ibigo nderabuzima. Mugihe kimwe, bigabanya kandi ingaruka nigiciro cyinyongera kijyanye namakosa yintoki, bigatuma inzira rusange ihinduka kandi ikagenzurwa.

2. Ibibi

• Kongera imyanda ya plastike / ibirahuri no kongera ibidukikije: Gukoresha cyane ibikoresho bya serumu bikoreshwa byatumye ubwiyongere bukabije bwimyanda. Nkuko imyanda yo kwa muganga ikunze gushyirwa mubikorwa nkimyanda ishobora guteza akaga, uburyo bwo kujugunya ntabwo bukoresha ingufu gusa, ahubwo bushobora no kurekura imyuka yangiza, bikarushaho kwiyongera ku ngaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Byongeye kandi, iyo bidakozwe neza, ibice bya pulasitiki birashobora kubona inzira y’ibidukikije, bigatera kwangiza ibidukikije igihe kirekire.
• Ibiciro birebire birebire hamwe no kubura umutungo udashoboka: Nubwo igiciro gito cyo gukoresha ijambo, umutwaro rusange wubukungu wibikoresho bya serumu bikoreshwa ntabwo ari bike mugihe waguzwe kandi ugakoreshwa mubwinshi mugihe kirekire. Igikorwa cyacyo cyo gukora cyagenewe gukuramo ibikoresho byinshi, gukoresha ingufu hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibyo bikaba binyuranye n’imyumvire irambye yo gutunganya umutungo ndetse n’iterambere rya karubone nkeya ubu. Mugihe intego yisi yose yo kutabogama kwa karubone igenda itera imbere, icyitegererezo cyo kwishingikiriza kumikoreshereze ikoreshwa kiri munsi yigitutu cyo hanze.

Isesengura rishoboka rya Serumu ikoreshwa

Mugihe igitekerezo cyo kuramba kigenda gitera imbere mubuvuzi nubushakashatsi, ibikoreshwa byongera serumu bigenda bisubirwamo buhoro buhoro. Binyuze mu gishushanyo mbonera no gucunga neza, ibikoreshwa bya serumu byongera gukoreshwa ntabwo bifasha kugabanya umutwaro wibidukikije gusa, ahubwo bifite nubushobozi bwo kuzana inyungu zubukungu mugukoresha igihe kirekire. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyari ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki nubuyobozi mubikorwa bifatika.

1. Ibyiza

• Kugabanya imyanda, ijyanye namahame yubukungu bwizunguruka: Ugereranije na serumu ikoreshwa, vial yongeye gukoreshwa igabanya cyane imyanda yimyanda, cyane cyane muri laboratoire hamwe nubuvuzi hamwe nogukoresha inshuro nyinshi, ingaruka zo kugabanya imyanda ziragaragara cyane.
• Hasi ibiciro byigihe kirekire no gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi: Nubwo ishoramari ryambere riri hejuru, impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyo gukoresha ijambo iri hasi cyane ugereranije niy'ibikoresho bikoreshwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa. Kubice binini, bikomeza ibikorwa, ibikoreshwa bya serumu byongera gukoreshwa birashobora kugabanya neza ibiciro byibice bitandukanye byo gutanga amasoko, gutwara no guta imyanda, no kunoza imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze yumutungo rusange, cyane cyane murwego rwo kuzamuka kwibiciro fatizo n’ibiciro byo guta imyanda, inyungu z’ubukungu zizagaragara cyane.

2. Ibibi

• Isuku igoye hamwe na sterisizione ishobora guhungabanya umutekano. Isuku ituzuye, sterisizione idahagije cyangwa kwangirika kwa vial mugihe cyo kuboneza urubyaro birashobora gutera kwanduzanya, kunanirwa mubigeragezo cyangwa umutekano wubuvuzi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro ubwabwo busaba amazi menshi ningufu zinjiza, nazo zishyiraho umutwaro runaka wibidukikije.
• Ishoramari ryambere ryambere, rikeneye gushyigikira sisitemu yo gutunganya no kuvura. Ibi bishyira hejuru sisitemu yo gucunga laboratoire kandi bisaba akazi kongerewe nigihe cyo gukomeza imikorere.

Ubucuruzi n'ibibazo by'iterambere rirambye

Muguhitamo hagati ya serumu zikoreshwa kandi zishobora gukoreshwa, kuramba bihinduka ikintu cyingenzi kidashobora kwirengagizwa. Uburinganire hagati yo kurengera ibidukikije, gukora neza mu bukungu no kubungabunga umutekano ni ikibazo kigomba gusesengurwa byimbitse mugihe cyo gufata ibyemezo.

1. Kugereranya ingaruka z’ibidukikije: ikirenge cya karuboni, gukoresha umutungo, guta imyanda

• Ibikoresho bya serumu birashobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe bifite ibirenge byinshi bya karubone mugihe cyo gukora, gutwara no kujugunya. Gukoresha cyane plastiki, ibirahuri nibindi bikoresho ntibikoresha gusa peteroli n’amabuye y'agaciro gusa, ahubwo binajyana na gahunda yo kujugunya imyanda hamwe n’ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa n’ibyuka bihumanya. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho bya serumu byongeye gukoreshwa, birashobora kugabanya cyane kugabanya umutwaro wibidukikije kuri buri gice cyibicuruzwa byongerera imikoreshereze.
• Nyamara, ibibindi byongera gukoreshwa bitwara amazi menshi, ingingo, hamwe n’imiti mugihe cyogusukura no kuboneza urubyaro, ibyo bikaba bishobora no gukuraho bimwe mubidukikije byangiza ibidukikije mugihe inzira yo kuyitunganya idakozwe neza. Kubwibyo rero, gushyiraho uburyo bunoze, buzigama ingufu bwogukora isuku no kuboneza urubyaro ni urufunguzo rwo kumenya ubushobozi bwarwo burambye.

2. Kugereranya ibiciro byubukungu: igihe gito nigihe kirekire cyo gusesengura ibiciro

• Mugihe gito, ibikoreshwa bya serumu birashobora gukoreshwa cyane kugabanya ishoramari ryambere bitewe nigiciro gito cyo kugura no koroshya imikoreshereze, bigatuma bikwiranye nimishinga ifite ingengo yimishinga mike cyangwa ibisabwa cyane. Nyamara, nyuma yo gukoresha inshuro nyinshi mugihe, igiciro cyose cyibicuruzwa bikoreshwa biriyongera vuba uko ubwinshi bwibyaguzwe, amafaranga yo guta imyanda, hamwe n’imyenda y’imisoro y’ibidukikije yiyongera.
• Ibinyuranyo, mugihe ibikoreshwa bya serumu byongeye gukoreshwa bifite igiciro cyambere cyo kugura no gushora imari yinyongera, igiciro cyo gukoresha kigabanuka cyane iyo gikwirakwijwe kumikoreshereze myinshi. Cyane cyane murwego rwo hejuru kandi runini rwo gukoresha ibintu, inyungu zigihe kirekire mubukungu ziragaragara.

3. Umutekano n’amabwiriza: ibisabwa n’ibipimo ngenderwaho mu bihugu bitandukanye

• Ibinyabuzima bifite ubuziranenge nibicuruzwa nibisabwa byingenzi kugirango ukoreshe serumu. Ibihugu byinshi bifite amategeko akomeye y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bikoreshwa kandi byongera gukoreshwa, bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa kugira ngo bitabaho, bikurikiranwe kandi bikoreshwa neza.
• Mubyerekeranye na serumu zikoreshwa, ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biroroshye kubahiriza amabwiriza abigenga. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoreshwa bya serumu byongeye gukoreshwa, bisaba ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana imikorere nuburyo buhoraho bwo gukora isuku no kuboneza urubyaro, byiyongera ku kugenzura ubuziranenge. Porogaramu zimwe zikoreshwa kubintu byihariye ziracyashimangira ibintu bikoreshwa kubera impamvu z'umutekano. Byongeye kandi, hari itandukaniro muburyo bwo gutondekanya no gutunganya imyanda yubuvuzi mu bihugu bitandukanye, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka no ku kwemerwa no gushyira mu bikorwa imyitozo ya serumu ikoreshwa kandi ikoreshwa mu turere dutandukanye.

Ibizaza hamwe nibisubizo

Mu guhitamo hagati ya serumu zikoreshwa kandi zishobora gukoreshwa, icyerekezo cy'iterambere kizaza ntabwo gishingiye gusa ku guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo gisaba ubuyobozi bwa politiki n'inshingano z’ibigo kugira ngo dushyire hamwe ingamba zo kubungabunga umutekano no gukora neza hashingiwe ku iterambere rirambye rirambye.

1. Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: ibikoresho byangirika hamwe nubuhanga bunoze bwo gukora isuku

• Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rishya ryatanze intambwe yingenzi mu iterambere rirambye ryibikoresho bya serumu. Kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi barimo gukora amavatiri ashingiye ku binyabuzima byangiza ibidukikije, bishobora kwangirika mu bihe bisanzwe kugira ngo bigabanye ibidukikije, mu gihe byujuje imbaraga, bifunga kandi bihuza ibinyabuzima.

2. Impamvu za politiki: leta cyangwa inganda zishishikarizwa ibikoresho byongera gukoreshwa

• Imiryango ya leta ninganda igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere gahunda yubuzima bwiza. Binyuze mu gushiraho uburyo bwo gushimangira, kugabanya imisoro, no gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije bisobanutse, inganda zirashobora kuyoborwa buhoro buhoro kugera ku buryo burambye.
• Mu bihe biri imbere, amabwiriza y’isi yose yerekeye gukoresha ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije biteganijwe ko azarushaho kunonosorwa, bigatuma imiryango myinshi y’imiti n’ubuvuzi yita cyane ku bikorwa birambye.

3. Inshingano rusange: uburyo ibigo bikorerwamo ibya farumasi biringaniza ibiciro, umutekano no kuramba

• Uruganda rwa farumasi, nkabakoresha nyamukuru ba serumu, bafite inshingano zidashidikanywaho mumajyambere arambye. Ntabwo amasosiyete akeneye gusa gusuzuma ibiciro byigihe gito nigihe kirekire mubijyanye nubukungu bwiza, ahubwo agomba no gutekereza ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima rusange biturutse ku nzego zo hejuru z’imibereho.
• Ibigo bimwe na bimwe by’imiti byatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi kuri “laboratoire y’icyatsi” na “karubone itagira aho ibogamiye” kugira ngo bigabanye buhoro buhoro imikoreshereze y’ibikoreshwa rimwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kugura ibicuruzwa, gushora imari mu bushakashatsi burambye no guteza imbere, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu imbere. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe ku kurinda umutekano w’ibicuruzwa no kubahiriza, kugerageza cyane gushyiraho sisitemu zikoreshwa ntibishobora gusa kuzamura isura y’ibigo, ariko kandi bigakoresha amahirwe mu gihe kiri imbere amategeko akomeye y’ibidukikije.

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo hagati yimikoreshereze kandi yongeye gukoreshwa muburyo bwa serumu zikoreshwa muburyo bwivuguruzanya nubucuruzi hagati yimikorere, umutekano hamwe nigitekerezo kirambye.

Mubikorwa bifatika, birakenewe ko hubahirizwa ibinyabuzima no kubahiriza ubushakashatsi, kimwe no kurengera ibidukikije no kugenzura ibiciro. Mugihe kimwe, imikorere nubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa byongera gukoreshwa bigomba guhora bitezimbere muguhuza iterambere ryibikoresho bishya nikoranabuhanga.

Urebye ahazaza, icyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikoresho bya serumu nibindi bikoresho byo kwa muganga bikoreshwa bizagenda bigana inzira nziza kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya, kubaka sisitemu yo gutunganya no gushyigikira politiki ishimangira, inganda z’ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi n’ubumenyi ziteganijwe gutanga serivisi zinoze mu gihe zimenya intego nyayo y’iterambere rirambye, zitanga umusanzu mwiza ku bidukikije ku isi ndetse n’ubuzima bw’abantu.