Imiyoboro ya divayi ikoreshwa mu kubika no gutwara divayi ipfunyitse, inyinshi muri zo zikozwe mu kirahure. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho byo kubika divayi gusa, ahubwo ni n'ingenzi mu muco n'amateka ya divayi. Imiterere, ibara, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho banywera divayi ntibigaragaza gusa ubwoko n'ubwiza bwa divayi, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku byemezo byo kugura divayi.

1. Ingano zisanzwe z'imiyoboro ya divayi igendanwa ni izihe?

▶50ml: Ikunze kuboneka mu divayi nto, utubari duto twa hoteli, no mu binyobwa bisindisha mu ndege, ikwiriye gusogongerwa no kunyobwa mu rugero ruto.
▶mililitiro 100: Ikoreshwa cyane mu macupa mato y'inzoga zivanze n'inzoga zivanze n'inzoga, ikwiriye ingendo ngufi n'amateraniro mato.
Ugereranyije n'udukombe twa divayi twa mililitiro 50 na mililitiro 100, hari n'ingano zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe, nka mililitiro 200, mililitiro 250, mililitiro 375, n'izindi. Imiterere y'ingano y'utu dukombe twa divayi twimukanwa ntireba gusa koroshya gutwara, ahubwo inareba ibyo abantu bakenera mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse no mu gihe cyo kunywa.

2. Ni ibihe bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro ya divayi?

Ikirahure gikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gukora imiyoboro ya divayi igendanwa, kandi amabara n'ubugari butandukanye bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa divayi.

Plasitike rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa mu gutwara no gutwara ibintu, yoroheje kandi ntiyoroshye kwangirika, ariko ntikwiriye kubikwa igihe kirekire.

Icyuma gikunze gukoreshwa mu kuzuza inzoga, nka divayi cyangwa inzoga ya aluminiyumu mu macupa, byoroshye kandi bikwiranye n'ibikorwa byo hanze.

Hariho kandi divayi ziri mu masanduku zipfunyitse mu mpapuro, zirinda ibidukikije kandi zoroshye gutwara no kubika.

3. Kuki wakoresha ikirahure nk'igikoresho cyo gukora imiyoboro ya divayi?

Ibikoresho by'ikirahure ntibigira ingaruka z'imiti hamwe n'ibintu birimo alcool, bigatuma bikomeza kugira uburyohe bwiza bwa divayi; Bishyizwe hamwe n'umupfundikizo ufunze neza, bishobora kugera ku ntego yo gufunga neza, bikabuza ogisijeni kwinjira mu muyoboro wa divayi, kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubika divayi. Ikirahure gifite plastike ikomeye kandi gishobora gukorwamo imiterere n'amabara atandukanye kugira ngo gihuze n'ibyo ubwoko butandukanye bwa divayi bukeneye. Ikirahure kibonerana biroroshye kwerekana ibara rya divayi, bigafasha abaguzi gupima ubwiza bwa divayi. Muri icyo gihe, uburemere n'imiterere y'amacupa y'ikirahure byongera ibyiyumvo by'ibicuruzwa muri rusange byo kwinezeza, byongera ubunararibonye bw'umuguzi. Amaherezo, ku bidukikije, ibikoresho by'ikirahure bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ubuziraherezo, bigagabanya umwanda ku bidukikije.

Muri rusange, ikirahure ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ya divayi n'amacupa. Ntabwo kirinda gusa ubuziranenge bwa divayi, ahubwo kinatanga imiterere myiza yo kwerekana no kumva ko ibicuruzwa byayo ari byiza, bihuye n'ibisabwa mu bidukikije.

4. Ni ayahe makuru agomba gushyirwamo ku kirango cy'icupa?

Amakuru ari ku kirango cy'icupa ashobora gutandukana gato mu bihugu bitandukanye no mu turere dutandukanye, ariko akenshi agomba kuba arimo ibi bikurikira.

Amakuru y'umukozi: harimo izina n'aderesi by'umukozi ukora inzoga, kugira ngo abaguzi basobanukirwe neza aho inzoga zituruka.

Inkomoko: Garagaza neza aho divayi yaturutse, nka Bordeaux, Ubufaransa, Tuscany, Ubutaliyani, n'ibindi, kugira ngo ufashe abaguzi gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ubutaka bw'iyo divayi.

Inzoga irimo: bigaragazwa nk'ijanisha, bikamenyesha abaguzi ingano y'inzoga iri muri buri gacupa ka divayi.
Ibikubiye mu icupa: bigaragaza ubushobozi bwa divayi iri mu icupa, nka 50ml, 100ml, n'ibindi.

Ubutumwa bw'umuburo: Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe (nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), hagomba kuba hari amakuru y'ubuzima ku kirango, nko kuba abagore batwite batanywa inzoga, kunywa inzoga zigira ingaruka ku gutwara imodoka, n'ibindi.

Amakuru y'abatumiza: Niba ari inzoga zitumizwa mu mahanga, izina n'aderesi by'uwatumije ibicuruzwa nabyo birakenewe.

Ubwoko butandukanye: Igaragaza ubwoko bw'imizabibu ya divayi, nka Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, n'izindi.

Inkuru y'uruganda rwa divayi, ikirango cya divayi cyangwa Intangiriro: Tanga muri make amateka na filozofiya by'uruganda rw'inzoga kugira ngo wongere inkuru n'uburanga bw'ikirango.

Impamyabumenyi n'ibihembo: Iyo ikirango cya divayi cyabonye ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe (nk'ibyemezo by'umwimerere) cyangwa ibihembo, akenshi byerekanwa ku kirango kugira ngo byongere izina n'ubwiza bwa divayi.

Aya makuru ntafasha abaguzi gusobanukirwa no guhitamo divayi neza gusa, ahubwo ananongera icyizere n'ubwiza bw'ikirango.

5. Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kubika imiyoboro ya divayi?

▶Imiterere myiza

Ubushyuhe: Divayi igomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe budahinduka kugira ngo hirindwe ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kubikwa ni 12-15 ° C (hafi 54-59 ° F). Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kwihutisha inzira yo gutwika divayi, bikangiza uburyohe n'impumuro yayo.

Ubushuhe: Ubushuhe bwiza ni 60-70%. Ubushuhe buke bushobora gutuma ikizingo cy'icupa cyumye cyane, bigatuma ikizingo cy'icupa kigabanuka bigatuma umwuka winjira mu icupa; Ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma igipfundikizo cy'icupa kiboha kandi kikamera nk'ikinyabutabire.

Gushyirwa mu rumuri: Ni ngombwa kwirinda izuba ryinshi, kuko imirasire ya ultraviolet ishobora kwangiza ibice bigize divayi, bigatuma ireme rya divayi rigabanuka. Amacupa ya divayi agomba kubikwa ahantu hijimye. Niba ari ngombwa gucana urumuri, ni ngombwa gukoresha urumuri rworoshye uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo wirinde ko icupa rya divayi rihura na ryo.

Gutigita: Umuyoboro wa divayi urimo divayi ugomba kubikwa kure y’ihindagurika kuko ushobora gukurura ibishingwe muri divayi. Bigira ingaruka ku buryohe n’ubwiza bwa divayi. Divayi igomba kubikwa kure y’ibintu bishobora guhindagurika, nk’amashanyarazi yo mu rugo n’ihindagurika ry’imodoka.

▶Akamaro k'icyerekezo cy'imiyoboro y'inzoga

Imiyoboro myinshi ya divayi irimo alcool ishobora kubikwa mu buryo butambitse. Iyo ifuru ikoreshejwe mu gufunga, ububiko butambitse bushobora gukomeza gukorana hagati y’ifuru n’alcool, bukarinda ifuru kuma no kugabanuka, bityo bugakomeza gufunga.

Imiyoboro ya divayi ifite imipfundikizo izunguruka ishobora kubikwa ihagaze kuko idakeneye kwishingikiriza kuri divayi kugira ngo ikomeze gufunga; Niba ari iyo kubika igihe gito gusa, yaba ari agafunga k'ibumba cyangwa umuyoboro w'inzoga, ishobora kubikwa ihagaze.

▶Ibindi bitekerezo byo kubika

Utubati twa divayi tugezweho dutanga ubushyuhe buhoraho, ubushuhe, n'ahantu ho kubika divayi hijimye, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza yo kubika divayi mu rugo; Iyo ikirere kibikwemereye, ahantu gakondo ho kubika divayi niho heza ho kubika divayi, hatanga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe buhamye ndetse n'ahantu hijimye hakwiye.

Divayi igomba kubikwa kure y’ibintu bifite impumuro mbi (nk’imiti, imiti isukura, n’ibindi) kugira ngo hirindwe ko divayi yakwangiza iyo mpumuro no kwanduza divayi.

Mu gukurikiza ubu buryo bwiza bwo kubika divayi, divayi ishobora kugumana imiterere yayo myiza, ikagaragaza uburyohe n'impumuro yayo ku bayikoresha.

6. Gutunganya no Kuramba mu miyoboro y'imizabibu

▶ Uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha imiyoboro y'inzoga z'ibirahure

Gukusanya: Gukusanya amacupa y'inzoga y'ibirahure bitangirira ku gutondekanya no gukusanya imyanda y'abaguzi, akenshi bikorerwa mu bisanduku byabugenewe byo kongera gukoresha ibirahure. Kura amacupa y'ibirahure yasubiwemo mu kigo gishinzwe kongera gukoresha ibirahure.

Gusukura no Gutondekanya: Ikigo gishinzwe kongera gukoresha ibikoresho gisukura amacupa y'ibirahure, gikuraho ibyapa n'imipfundikizo, hanyuma kikabishyira mu byiciro by'amabara menshi (nk'ibirahure bibonerana, ibirahure by'umukara, ibirahure by'icyatsi kibisi).

Gusya no Gushonga: Amacupa y'ibirahure yashyizwe mu byiciro avunwamo ibice by'ibirahure hanyuma yoherezwa mu itanura rishyushye cyane kugira ngo ashonge.

Gusubiramo ibikorwa: Gushyigikira amacupa mashya y'ibirahure cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa by'ibirahure hakoreshejwe ikirahure cyashongeshejwe no kwinjira mu gikorwa cyo gukora no kongera gukoresha.

▶Ibyiza ku bidukikije n'ibyo tugomba kwitaho mu buryo bufatika

Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu: Gusubiramo no kongera gukoresha imiyoboro y'inzoga z'ibirahuri bigabanya ikenerwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo nk'umucanga wa quartz, sodium carbonate, na limestone, bityo bikagabanya umutungo kamere.

Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'imyuka yo kujugunya imyanda mu mazu: Bitewe n'ikoreshwa rito ry'ingufu mu macupa y'ibirahure akoreshwa n'inganda z'imodoka zo mu Bushinwa, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere iragabanuka, ibi bikaba bifasha kugabanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Muri icyo gihe, kongera gukoresha no gukoresha ibirahure bigabanya umutwaro ku myanda, bikongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha, kandi bigabanya ihumana ry'ibidukikije.

Igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoreshoNubwo ibirahuri bifite ubushobozi bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, igipimo nyacyo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho kiratandukanye mu turere dutandukanye. Icy'ingenzi ni ukongera ubukangurambaga bw'abaturage no kwitabira gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.

Gushyira mu byiciro amabara: Ikirahure cy'amabara atandukanye kigomba kongera gukoreshwa ukwacyo kuko gifite aho gishonga n'ikoreshwa ryacyo bitandukanye. Gusubiramo no gukoresha ikirahure cy'amabara atandukanye biragoye.

Kugenzura ihumana ry'imyanda: Isohoka ry'imyanda rigomba kugenzurwa mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo ibikorwa byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bibe byiza ku bidukikije.

Mu kwitabira cyane ibikorwa byo kongera gukoresha amacupa y'ibirahure, abaguzi bashobora gutanga umusanzu mu kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha umutungo kamere mu buryo burambye. Gukoresha imiyoboro y'inzoga mu kongera gukoresha ntibifasha gusa kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije, ahubwo binafasha kuzigama umutungo kamere no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, bityo bigateza imbere iterambere ry'ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga.

▶ Ibyiza ku bidukikije n'ibyo tugomba kwitaho mu buryo bufatika

GabanyaRisokoCguteganya noEuburibweCguteganya: Gusubiramo no kongera gukoresha imiyoboro y'inzoga z'ibirahuri bigabanya ikenerwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo nk'umucanga wa quartz, sodium carbonate, na limestone, bityo bikagabanya umutungo kamere.

KugabanyaGInzu yo kongeramo ibikoreshoGas Eubutumwa n'ubutumwaLno kuzuza: Bitewe n'ikoreshwa rito ry'ingufu mu macupa y'ibirahure akoreshwa n'inganda z'imodoka zo mu Bushinwa, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere iragabanuka, ibi bikaba bifasha kugabanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Muri icyo gihe, kongera gukoresha no gukoresha ibirahure bigabanya umutwaro ku myanda, bikongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha, kandi bigabanya ihumana ry'ibidukikije.

Gusubiramo ibintuRkuryaNubwo ibirahuri bifite ubushobozi bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, igipimo nyacyo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho kiratandukanye mu turere dutandukanye. Icy'ingenzi ni ukongera ubukangurambaga bw'abaturage no kwitabira gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.

IbaraCguhindurwa: Ikirahure cy'amabara atandukanye kigomba kongera gukoreshwa ukwacyo kuko gifite aho gishonga n'ikoreshwa ryacyo bitandukanye. Gusubiramo no gukoresha ikirahure cy'amabara atandukanye biragoye.

UmwandaCkugenzura: Isohoka ry'imyanda rigomba kugenzurwa mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo ibikorwa byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bibe byiza ku bidukikije.

Mu kwitabira cyane ibikorwa byo kongera gukoresha amacupa y'ibirahure, abaguzi bashobora gutanga umusanzu mu kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha umutungo kamere mu buryo burambye. Gukoresha imiyoboro y'inzoga mu kongera gukoresha ntibifasha gusa kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije, ahubwo binafasha kuzigama umutungo kamere no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, bityo bigateza imbere iterambere ry'ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga.

7. Ese hari ubundi buryo burambye bwo gukoresha amacupa ya divayi gakondo?

▶ Uburyo bwo gupakira butangiza ibidukikije

Ikirahure cyoroheje: Ubu bwoko bw'ibirahure bworoheje ugereranyije n'ibirahure bisanzwe, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo mu gihe cyo kubitunganya no gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cyo kubitwara. Nubwo bikomeza gukorera mu mucyo no kugira umwuka mwiza mu kirahure, binagabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

Inzoga zo mu gasanduku: Ipaki y'inzoga iri mu gasanduku ikozwe mu ikarito na aluminiyumu, yoroheje kandi yoroshye kuyitwara; Muri icyo gihe, ingufu zikoreshwa mu kuyikora ni nke, zishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa, kandi zigafata umwanya muto mu gihe cyo kuyitwara. Ariko, ukurikije ko divayi iri mu gasanduku ishobora kuba idakomeye nk'amacupa n'imiyoboro y'inzoga y'ibirahuri, nubwo divayi iri mu gasanduku irinda ibidukikije, bamwe mu baguzi bashobora kuba bagifite impungenge.

Divayi yo mu macupa: Divayi ipfunyitse mu macupa ya aluminiyumu ni yoroshye kuyitwara, kandi akarusho ko kuyikoresha byoroshye gutuma uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu gutunganya aluminiyumu bukoresha ingufu nke kurusha ikirahure. Divayi ifunze mu macupa nayo ikwiriye ibikorwa byo hanze no kuyikoresha rimwe gusa.

Plasitike Ishobora Kwangirika: Amacupa ya divayi akozwe muri pulasitiki ishingiye ku binyabuzima cyangwa ibora, abora mu buryo bukwiye adateza ihumana ry’ibidukikije. Ariko, imikorere n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bibora biracyari gukorwa, kandi birashoboka ko nta kuramba kw’ibikoresho by’ibirahuri bihari.

Icupa rya divayi ry'impapuro: Ipaki igizwe n'igikapu cy'inyuma cy'impapuro n'igikapu cya pulasitiki cy'imbere, cyoroheje kandi kitangiza ibidukikije. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ariko yemerwa ku isoko ry'ubu, ndetse n'ingaruka za divayi ku bubiko bw'igihe kirekire bigomba kwemezwa.

▶ Ibyiza byo Guhitamo Gupakira Ibikoresho Birambye

Kubungabunga Umutungo no Kurengera Ibidukikije: Gukora, gukoresha no guta ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupfunyika bifatika bifasha kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ibikoresho mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa.

Guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga: Ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kubora bigira uruhare mu korohereza no gukoresha umutungo, bigabanya imyanda ikoreshwa, kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga.

Guhaza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye: Bitewe n’uko abantu bakomeje gusobanukirwa ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa birinda ibidukikije, abaguzi benshi bakunze guhitamo ibicuruzwa bipfunyika mu buryo burambye kandi butangiza ibidukikije. Ku birango, ibipfunyika bifatika kandi bitangiza ibidukikije bifasha mu guhindura isura y’ikirango cyabo no kunoza ipiganwa ryabo ku isoko.

Uburyo burambye bwo gusimbura amacupa ya divayi gakondo bufite inyungu zikomeye kandi zidasubirwaho mu bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije no kwambara agapfukamunwa ku mugaragaro. Nubwo ibi bisimbura bigikeneye kunozwa buri gihe muri bimwe mu bice, icyerekezo gishya cyo guteza imbere ahazaza ho gupfunyika inzoga bizafasha guteza imbere iterambere rigana ku buryo bwo kurengera ibidukikije kandi burambye.

Binyuze muri iyi nkuru y'ibibazo n'ibisubizo, dushobora gusobanukirwa ingingo abantu bahangayikishijwe nazo ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro ya divayi n'amacupa, no kumenya ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku bijyanye no gupfunyika divayi. Ibi ntibifasha gusa guhitamo no kubika divayi neza, ahubwo binatuma abantu basobanukirwa neza ibijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye.

Isi ya divayi ikungahaye kandi ifite amabara menshi, hamwe n'ingingo nyinshi zishimishije zitegereje kuvumburwa, hiyongereyeho ibikoresho nkaimiyoboro ya divayi n'amacupaGusobanukirwa imiterere, itandukaniro ry'ubwoko, n'uburyo bwo gusogongera divayi mu turere dutandukanye tw'inzoga bishobora gutuma urugendo rwo gusogongera divayi rurushaho kuba rwiza kandi rushimishije.

Niba ufite ibindi bibazo ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro ya divayi cyangwa ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano na divayi, nyamuneka uzabikubaze igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Twiteguye gusangira nawe ubumenyi n'ibitekerezo byinshi, byaba ibijyanye n'imiterere y'imiyoboro ya divayi cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo gupfunyika butangiza ibidukikije.