Intangiriro

Umwanya wibikoresho byumutwe ni ibikoresho byintangarugero bikoreshwa mubisesengura rya gazi ya chromatografiya (GC), ahanini bikoreshwa mugukusanya ibyuka bya gaze cyangwa amazi kugirango bigerweho byogutwara no gusesengura byimazeyo hamwe na sisitemu ifunze. Ibyiza bya kashe hamwe nubusembure bwimiti nibyingenzi kugirango tumenye neza kandi byororoke byibisubizo byisesenguye.

Mubigeragezo bya burimunsi, inkono yumutwe isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikoreshwa. Mugihe ibi bifasha kugabanya kwanduzanya kwanduye, binongera cyane ikiguzi cyibikorwa bya laboratoire, cyane cyane mubisabwa bifite urugero runini rwikigereranyo hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo kwipimisha. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rimwe rishobora kuvamo imyanda myinshi yikirahure, ishyira igitutu kumurambe wa laboratoire.

Ibikoresho nuburyo bwiza bwimitwe yumutwe

Umwanya wibikoresho byumutwe mubusanzwe bikozwe mubirahure byimbaraga nyinshi, birinda ubushyuhe bwa borosilique ikirahure, kikaba kidafite imiti kandi kigahagarara neza kuburyo gihagije kugirango gihangane nubwoko butandukanye bwimyunyungugu, imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nibidukikije bikora cyane.Mubyukuri, ikirahuri cya borosilike gifite isuku nziza kandi ikongera gukoresha ubushobozi, ariko ubuzima bwayo nyabwo bugarukira kubintu nko kwambara byubatswe hamwe nibisigara byanduye.

Sisitemu yo gufunga nikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa byimikorere yumutwe kandi mubisanzwe bigizwe na capit ya aluminium cyangwa space. Igikoresho cya aluminiyumu gifunga gaze ifunze umunwa w'icupa ukoresheje gland cyangwa urudodo, mugihe icyogajuru gitanga uburyo bwo kwinjira inshinge kandi bikarinda gaze. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe ikirahure cyikirahure kigumana imiterere yacyo nyuma yo gukaraba inshuro nyinshi, icyogajuru mubisanzwe nikintu gishobora gukoreshwa kandi gikunda gutakaza kashe hamwe nigihombo cyibintu nyuma yo gutoborwa, bikagira ingaruka kumyizerere yo kongera gukoresha. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugerageza kongera gukoresha, icyogajuru gikenera gusimburwa, mugihe kongera gukoresha ibirahuri byikirahure hamwe na capitine ya aluminiyumu bigomba gusuzumwa kubera ubusugire bwumubiri nubushobozi bwo gukomeza guhumeka neza.

Mubyongeyeho, ibirango bitandukanye na moderi za vial ukurikije ubunini, gufatanya. Hashobora kubaho itandukaniro rito muburyo bwo kubaka umunwa, nibindi, bishobora kugira ingaruka kubihuza na visi ya autosampler, kashe ikwiye, hamwe nibisigara nyuma yo gukora isuku. Kubwibyo, mugihe utegura gahunda yo gukora isuku no kongera gukoresha, kwemeza byemewe bigomba gukorwa kubisobanuro byihariye bya viali ikoreshwa kugirango habeho guhuza no kwizerwa ryamakuru.

Isesengura rishoboka

1. Uburyo bwo kweza

Umwanya wibikoresho byo mumutwe wasukuwe muburyo butandukanye, harimo ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi: gusukura intoki no gukora byikora. Isuku y'intoki isanzwe ikwiranye no gutunganya ibyiciro bito, gukora byoroshye, akenshi hamwe no gukaraba amacupa ya reagent, kwoza amazi atemba hamwe no gutunganya imiti myinshi. Ariko, kubera ko inzira yisuku ishingiye kubikorwa byintoki, harikibazo cyuko ibisubizo byisubiramo nibisuku bishobora kuba bitajegajega.

Ibinyuranye, ibikoresho byogusukura byikora birashobora kunoza cyane isuku no guhoraho. Isuku ya Ultrasonic itanga micro-bubbles binyuze mu guhindagurika kwinshi, ishobora gukuraho neza ibisigisigi bya mikorobe bifatiye ku gukingira, kandi bikwiriye cyane cyane gufata neza ibisigazwa bifatika cyangwa bikurikirana.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byogusukura bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumasuku. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugusukura harimo Ethanol, acetone, icupa ryamazi yoza amazi, hamwe nudukoresho twihariye. Muri rusange harasabwa uburyo bwo gukora isuku yintambwe nyinshi: kwoza umusemburo (kugirango ukureho ibisigazwa kama) → kwoza amazi (gukuraho amazi yanduye) → amazi meza.

Nyuma yo gukora isuku irangiye, hagomba gukama neza kugirango hirindwe ubushuhe busigaye bugira ingaruka. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane byo kumisha muri laboratoire yumisha (60 ℃ -120 ℃), kubisabwa bimwe bisabwa, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutezimbere isuku nubushobozi bwa bacteriostatike ya autoclaving.

2. Kugaragaza ibisigazwa nyuma yo gukora isuku

Ubwiza bwisuku bugomba kugenzurwa no gupima ibisigazwa. Inkomoko zisanzwe zanduza zirimo ibisigisigi biva mubitegererezo byabanjirije, ibivangwa, inyongeramusaruro hamwe nibikoresho bisigara biva mu isuku. Kudakuraho burundu umwanda bizagira ingaruka mbi kubisesengura byakurikiyeho nka "impinga y'imyuka" hamwe n'urusaku rwinshi.

Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gutahura, inzira itaziguye ni ugukora kwiruka ubusa, ni ukuvuga, vial yasukuwe yatewe nkurugero rwuzuye, kandi kuba hari impinga zitazwi bigaragazwa na gazi chromatografiya (GC) cyangwa gazi ya chromatografiya-rusange ya sprometrike (GC-MS). Ubundi buryo rusange muri rusange ni isesengura rya karubone yuzuye, ikoreshwa mukugereranya ingano yibintu kama bisigaye hejuru ya vial cyangwa mugisubizo cyo gukaraba.

Byongeye kandi, "kugereranya inyuma" birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo gusesengura bujyanye nicyitegererezo: isahani isukuye ikorwa mubihe bimwe na vial-shyashya, kandi urwego rwerekana ibimenyetso byagereranijwe no kuba hari impinga zidasanzwe kugirango harebwe niba isuku ari murwego rwemewe.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze

1. Ingaruka kubisubizo byisesenguye

Kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bya Headspace bigomba kubanza gusuzumwa ingaruka zabyo kubisubizo byisesenguye, cyane cyane mubisesengura ryinshi. Mugihe umubare wimikoreshereze wiyongera, ibimera bishobora kuguma kurukuta rwimbere rwikibindi, kandi na nyuma yo gukora isuku, umwanda wimyanda urashobora gukomeza kurekurwa mubushyuhe bwinshi, bikabangamira ubwinshi bwimpinga. Irumva cyane cyane gusesengura kandi irashobora kubogama cyane.

Kuzamuka urusaku rwinyuma nabyo ni ikibazo rusange. Isuku ituzuye cyangwa kwangirika kwibintu bishobora kuganisha kuri sisitemu yibanze, kubangamira kumenya no kwishyira hamwe.

Byongeye kandi, imyororokere yubushakashatsi hamwe nigihe kirekire gihamye nibintu byingenzi byerekana gusuzuma niba bishoboka kongera gukoreshwa. Niba ibibindi bidahuye nisuku, imikorere yikidodo, cyangwa ubunyangamugayo bwibintu, ibi bizagutera guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwo gutera inshinge no guhindagurika ahantu hahanamye, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumyororokere yubushakashatsi. Birasabwa ko ibizamini byo kwemeza byakorwa ku bikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa mubikorwa bifatika kugirango bigereranye kandi bihuze namakuru yasesenguwe.

2. Gusaza kwa Vial hamwe nicyogajuru

Kwambara kumubiri no gutesha agaciro sisitemu ya vial na kashe byanze bikunze mugihe cyo kuyikoresha inshuro nyinshi. Nyuma yinzinguzingo nyinshi zo gusiganwa ku magare, ingaruka zumukanishi no gukora isuku, amacupa yikirahure arashobora gukura uduce duto cyangwa ibishushanyo, bidahinduka "ahantu hapfuye" gusa kubihumanya, ahubwo binatera ibyago byo guturika mugihe cyibikorwa byubushyuhe bwinshi.

Umwanya, nkibice byo gutobora, byangirika vuba. Umubare wiyongereye wimyanya ndangagitsina urashobora gutuma umwobo wa spacer waguka cyangwa ugafunga nabi, bigatuma habaho gutakaza urugero rwikigereranyo, gutakaza umuyaga mwinshi, ndetse no guhungabana kwibiryo. Gusaza kwa spacer birashobora kandi kurekura ibice cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwanduza icyitegererezo.

Kugaragara kumubiri gusaza birimo ibara ryamacupa, kubitsa hejuru, no guhindura imiterere ya aluminiyumu, ibyo byose birashobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byo kohereza no guhuza ibikoresho. Kugirango umutekano wibigeragezo hamwe namakuru yizewe, birasabwa gukora ubugenzuzi bukenewe bwo kureba no gupima ibizamini mbere yo kongera gukoresha, no gukuraho ibice bifite imyenda ikomeye kandi ishwanyaguritse mugihe gikwiye.

Ibyifuzo hamwe nubwitonzi bwo kongera gukoresha

Umwanya wibikoresho byumutwe urashobora gukoreshwa murwego runaka nyuma yo gukora isuku no kwemezwa bihagije, ariko ibi bigomba gusuzumwa neza ukurikije ibintu byihariye bisabwa, imiterere yicyitegererezo hamwe nibikoresho byifashe.

1. Basabwe umubare wokongera gukoresha

Ukurikije uburambe bufatika bwa laboratoire zimwe na zimwe hamwe nubuvanganzo, kugirango ibintu bishoboke aho usanga hakoreshwa uburyo busanzwe bwa VOC cyangwa ingero zanduye zanduye, ibirahuri by'ibirahure birashobora kongera gukoreshwa inshuro 3-5, mugihe bisukuwe cyane, byumye kandi bigenzurwa nyuma yo kubikoresha. Nyuma yiyi nshuro, ingorane zo gukora isuku, ibyago byo gusaza nibishoboka byo gufunga nabi inzabya byiyongera cyane, kandi birasabwa ko byavaho mugihe gikwiye. Imyenda irasabwa gusimburwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa kandi ntabwo isabwa kongera gukoreshwa.

Twabibutsa ko ubwiza bwibibindi butandukanye hagati yikirango nicyitegererezo kandi bigomba kugenzurwa kubicuruzwa byihariye. Kubikorwa byingenzi cyangwa isesengura ryuzuye, vial nshya igomba guhitamo kugirango amakuru yizewe.

2. Ibihe aho kongera gukoreshwa ntibisabwa

Kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo mumutwe ntibisabwa mubihe bikurikira:

• Ibisigisigi by'icyitegererezo biragoye kuvanaho burundu, urugero cyane cyane, byoroshye kwamamaza cyangwa birimo umunyu;
• Icyitegererezo ni uburozi cyane cyangwa gihindagurika, urugero: benzene, hydrocarbone ya chlorine, nibindi. Ibisigara bisobanutse neza bishobora kubangamira uyikora;
• Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gufunga cyangwa guhindagurika nyuma yo gukoresha vial, imiterere yimiterere ihindagurika irashobora kugira ingaruka kubizakurikiraho;
• Ibibindi bikoreshwa ahantu hagenzuwe cyane nkubucamanza, ibiryo, na farumasi, kandi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza abigenga hamwe nibisabwa muri laboratoire;
• Amashanyarazi afite ibice bigaragara, guhindura, guhindura ibara, cyangwa ibirango bigoye kuvanaho bishobora guteza umutekano muke.

3. Gushiraho uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora

Kugirango ugere ku mikoreshereze inoze kandi itekanye, hagomba gutezwa imbere uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora, harimo ariko ntibugarukira gusa ku ngingo zikurikira:

• Icyiciro cyo kuranga no gucunga nimero: Menya inzabya zakoreshejwe hanyuma wandike inshuro nubwoko bwintangarugero zikoreshwa;
• Gushiraho urupapuro rwerekana isuku: gutunganya buri cyiciro cyibikorwa byogusukura, andika ubwoko bwumukozi wogusukura, igihe cyogusukura, nibikoresho byibikoresho;
• Gushiraho iherezo ryubuzima nubugenzuzi: birasabwa gukora igenzura ryimiterere no gufunga ikizamini nyuma ya buri cyiciro cyo gukoresha;
• Gushiraho uburyo bwo gutandukanya isuku nububiko: kwirinda kwanduzanya no kwemeza ko inzabya zisukuye ziguma zifite isuku mbere yo kuzikoresha;
• Gukora ibizamini byo kwemeza buri gihe.

Binyuze mu micungire ya siyansi hamwe nuburyo busanzwe, laboratoire irashobora kugabanya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibiciro by’ibikoreshwa hashingiwe ku kwemeza ireme ry’isesengura, kandi ikagera ku bikorwa by’icyatsi kandi birambye.

Isuzuma ryinyungu zubukungu n’ibidukikije

Kugenzura ibiciro no kuramba byabaye ibitekerezo byingenzi mubikorwa bya laboratoire bigezweho. Gusukura no gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu mutwe ntibishobora gusa kuzigama amafaranga menshi, ariko kandi bigabanya imyanda ya laboratoire, ifite akamaro kanini mu kurengera ibidukikije no kubaka laboratoire.

1. Kubara ikiguzi cyo kuzigama: ikoreshwa hamwe na reusable

Niba ibikoresho byo kumutwe byakoreshejwe byakoreshejwe kuri buri igeragezwa, ubushakashatsi 100 bwatera igihombo cyibiciro. Niba buri kirahuri cyikirahure gishobora gukoreshwa neza inshuro nyinshi, igeragezwa rimwe risaba gusa impuzandengo cyangwa munsi yikiguzi cyambere.

Igikorwa cyo gukora isuku kirimo kandi ibikorwa byingirakamaro, ibikoresho byo kwisiga hamwe nigiciro cyakazi. Nyamara, kuri laboratoire zifite sisitemu yo gukora isuku mu buryo bwikora, ibiciro byogusukura marginal biracyari bike cyane cyane mugusesengura ingano nini yintangarugero, kandi inyungu zubukungu zo kongera gukoresha ni ngombwa cyane.

2. Ingaruka zo kugabanya imyanda ya laboratoire

Gukoresha inshuro imwe irashobora kwegeranya vuba imyanda myinshi yikirahure. Mugukoresha ibibindi, umusaruro wimyanda urashobora kugabanuka cyane kandi umutwaro wo guta imyanda ukagabanuka, hamwe ninyungu zihuse cyane cyane muri laboratoire zifite amafaranga menshi yo guta imyanda cyangwa ibisabwa byo gutondeka cyane.

Byongeye kandi, kugabanya umubare wibyogajuru hamwe na capitine ya aluminiyumu bizakoreshwa bizagabanya cyane umubare w’ibyuka byangiza imyanda.

3. Umusanzu mu iterambere rirambye rya laboratoire

Gukoresha ibikoresho bya laboratoire nigice cyingenzi cya laboratoire "guhinduka icyatsi". Mu kwagura ubuzima bwibikoreshwa tutabangamiye ubuziranenge bwamakuru, ntabwo duhindura gusa imikoreshereze yumutungo, ahubwo tunuzuza ibisabwa na sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije nka ISO 14001.Yujuje kandi ibisabwa na sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije nka ISO 14001, kandi igira ingaruka nziza mugusaba ibyemezo bya laboratoire yicyatsi kibisi, isuzuma rizigama ingufu za kaminuza, hamwe na raporo zishinzwe imibereho myiza yabaturage.

Muri icyo gihe, ishyirwaho ryibipimo ngenderwaho byogukoresha no gukora isuku nabyo biteza imbere kunoza imicungire ya laboratoire kandi bigafasha gutsimbataza umuco wubushakashatsi uha agaciro kamwe igitekerezo cyo kuramba hamwe nubumenyi bwa siyansi.

Imyanzuro na Outlook

Muncamake, gusukura no kongera gukoresha imitwe yumutwe birashoboka mubuhanga. Ibikoresho byikirahure byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza bwimiti hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru birashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi bitagize ingaruka zikomeye kubisesengura mugihe gikwiye cyo gukora isuku no gukoresha ibihe. Binyuze mu guhitamo neza ibikoresho byogusukura, gukoresha ibikoresho byogusukura byikora, hamwe no kuvura no kumisha, laboratoire irashobora kugera kumikoreshereze isanzwe ya vial, kugenzura neza ibiciro no kugabanya imyanda.

Mubikorwa bifatika, imiterere yicyitegererezo, ibisabwa byunvikana muburyo bwo gusesengura, hamwe no gusaza kwa vial na spacers bigomba gusuzumwa byuzuye. Birasabwa gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo gukora, harimo inyandiko zikoreshwa, imipaka ku mubare wabisubiramo, hamwe nuburyo bwo gusiba buri gihe kugirango harebwe niba kongera gukoresha bidatera ingaruka ku bwiza bw’amakuru ndetse n’umutekano w’ubushakashatsi.

Urebye imbere, hamwe nogutezimbere igitekerezo cya laboratoire yicyatsi no gukaza umurego wamabwiriza y’ibidukikije, kongera gukoresha ibibindi bizagenda bihinduka icyerekezo cyingenzi cyo gucunga umutungo wa laboratoire, ubushakashatsi buzaza burashobora kwibanda ku iterambere ry’urwego rushimishije, rwihuse rw’ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku, gucukumbura ibikoresho bishya byongera gukoreshwa, n'ibindi, binyuze mu isuzuma rya siyansi no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bitazaboneka gusa binyuze mu isuzuma ry’ubumenyi no mu nzego zishyirwa mu bikorwa. ubushakashatsi, ariko kandi butanga inzira ishoboka yiterambere rirambye rya laboratoire.